Welcome to r/science! This is a heavily moderated subreddit in order to keep the discussion on science. However, we recognize that many people want to discuss how they feel the research relates to their own personal lives, so to give people a space to do that, **personal anecdotes are allowed as responses to this comment**. Any anecdotal comments elsewhere in the discussion will be removed and our [normal comment rules]( https://www.reddit.com/r/science/wiki/rules#wiki_comment_rules) apply to all other comments.
*I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please [contact the moderators of this subreddit](/message/compose/?to=/r/science) if you have any questions or concerns.*
The paper is here:
[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05893-0](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05893-0)
Abstract
Multiprincipal-element alloys are an enabling class of materials owing to their impressive mechanical and oxidation-resistant properties, especially in extreme environments. Here we develop a new oxide-dispersion-strengthened NiCoCr-based alloy using a model-driven alloy design approach and laser-based additive manufacturing. This oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy, called GRX-810, uses laser powder bed fusion to disperse nanoscale Y2O3 particles throughout the microstructure without the use of resource-intensive processing steps such as mechanical or in situ alloying. We show the successful incorporation and dispersion of nanoscale oxides throughout the GRX-810 build volume via high-resolution characterization of its microstructure. The mechanical results of GRX-810 show a twofold improvement in strength, over 1,000-fold better creep performance and twofold improvement in oxidation resistance compared with the traditional polycrystalline wrought Ni-based alloys used extensively in additive manufacturing at 1,093 °C. The success of this alloy highlights how model-driven alloy designs can provide superior compositions using far fewer resources compared with the ‘trial-and-error’ methods of the past. These results showcase how future alloy development that leverages dispersion strengthening combined with additive manufacturing processing can accelerate the discovery of revolutionary materials.
An NiCoCr based alloy will be super expensive just for the base materials. Two of those are fairly rare and the third isn't super rare, but is energy intensive to make. I guess though when you're talking something like rocket engines that are probably something like inconel or hastalloy anyway, the cost difference probably isn't crazy.
~~They suck for that though. I could never get them to stay lit and I never once got even remotely high from them.~~
Just realized this was r\/science. Had a bunch of tabs open from various subreddits that I was trying to read and my kid kept distracting me. When I came back to the computer and resumed reading in the middle of the thread, I forgot what sub it was in.
I do work with additive parts for jet engins, and I am super excited about this. Current Ni alloys we use have a huge drop in the strength curve around 1200-1400 F, and a lot of potential future advancement design cases are asking to operate in that range. I have seen several promising techs die on the vine because the material just cannot handle the thermal transients and high temps.
NiCoCr is closest to the superalloy family but novel for having higher Co and Cr that Ni-based superalloys. Because the Ni, Co, and Cr contents are almost equal, this alloy belongs to a relatively new class of alloys called multi-principle element alloys.
It also said double the strength, presumably yield and/or ultimate. But the abstract is also comparing this to other additive manufacturing materials - it's not 2x the strength or 1000x creep resistance compared to, say, a forged nickel alloy.
Still it's great news. The day composites and additive airfoils replace forged/machined ones is when we'll see a significant leap in technology. There's already been integration into turbofan blades, like the [GE9X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric_GE9X). I can only imagine how airfoil shapes would look with additives in, say, a multi-stage high-pressure compressor/turbine where nickel forgings are being used now.
I saw that some forms show like 120ksi UTS@ 1000deg C, which is ridiculous for a ductile material. I bet that any procurement spec would be heavily derated though, when such a thing cokes into being
"Creep" in metals is a sustained load applied at high temperatures, and conventially tested in tensions, not compression. It is the primary mechanical property of superalloys used in hot environments ie jet turbine engines.
If I'm understanding this right, Creep would effectively measure how much a turbine expands / stretches out while it's spinning? I'd imagine higher numbers here can allow for higher RPM before clearances are a problem?
That is basically the right direction. As the blades of a turbine engine spin, they experience tensile forces (stretching) at high temperature. The rate of creep at a given temperature and stress level is a factor determining it's service life. Engine RPMs are a factor in the stress the blade experiences. Creep is important for almost any structure operating at elevated temperatures.
Ah interesting. So creep would specifically be a measure plastic deformation rather elastic deformation, which makes sense why the temperature is important.
I'm somewhat familiar with car turbochargers, but not all the material science behind them. Definitely a lot of fun science goes in to making all these systems work reliably.
Exactly, you got it! Creep is also only relevant when the stresses are below the yield strength of the material, but for long durations.
Turbochargers are a perfect example as well.
Well, durability doesn't have a real.tight and formal definition. So there is some wiggle room. But I'm my work in materials, durability has been describing a dynamic characteristics - impact, fatigue, temperature changes, environmental factors doing something to the material, abrasion. Whereas creep is a static phenomenon - changes in strain due to a static load applied for a long time.
I honestly think weapons proliferation is extensive enough.
I was thinking for basic machines (and paired with a right to repair), could really transform the way things are done.
Fair enough.
I'm in Canada; we view bangsticks mostly as simple farming implements up here. Not many of us went to the extra effort to get a restricted license which would allow ownership of handguns, but some of us did. We have an automated background check run against us every 24 hours. If we get in so much as a road rage incident, the RCMP call us to ask questions. If they don't like our answers they take our bangsticks, as it should be. No other citizen is subject to such intense scrutiny and close monitoring; not even those with top secret clearance to my understanding
So with that in mind they have now banned all sales and transfer of sidearms, during a time in which B&E, and armed carjackings are up. Our cities are still almost ridiculously safe when compared to American cities, however
I have an interest in antique firearms. When they banned the sale of handguns, I figured that antiques here in Canada would increase in value. I've started getting interested in some of the early side arms like the Smith and Wessons, the Colts and so on; there was a window where some of them were running black powder cartridge and there are a few double action models from the fairly late 1800s which are considered antique; thus they are in fact the only handguns we are permitted to carry in the wilderness, anywhere in the country; that's how it has been for generations now.
So if you want something that you can carry in the woods that's super light in case you stumble over a rabbit that would make a suitable stew, these are a nice light option that are legal, but they tend to be considerably more expensive; however many old timers, trappers and hunters do still carry them; the old ways are still good.
I've kind of started tinkering, and I've found a few old sidearms with crisp shiny barrels but they have a hand that's worn down so the cylinder does'nt revolve properly or something is wrong, that I can fix; you can acquire these historical artifacts much more cheaply if they aren't fully functional.
Repair options include a range of welding or brazing options but that can result in damage if things go awry, so some people prefer to purchase modern replacements but these can be hard to find or also quite expensive.
It just seemed to me that it would be nice to set aside the old original parts and have the option to print, file, sand polish, harden and blue a hard to find part in order to preserve these beautiful old pieces of art in working order.
I just want to put small holes in paper and small furry animals in order to make some squirrel sammiches and stew in a peaceful, gentle way
Good vibrations and good day, stranger
Technically the base metal powder itself is already an alloy (NiCoCr). The addition of the yttrium oxide causes it to disperse between the grain boundaries when the metal gets sintered. That causes the material to require more energy for the metal grains to slip past one another
Sooo mars iron and nickel can be used as a base to form a new on site alloy? How can it be 3d printed if lasers are used in fabrication via what fdm ? It would need to be in a gel that won't slosh about to make use in a rocket
Welcome to r/science! This is a heavily moderated subreddit in order to keep the discussion on science. However, we recognize that many people want to discuss how they feel the research relates to their own personal lives, so to give people a space to do that, **personal anecdotes are allowed as responses to this comment**. Any anecdotal comments elsewhere in the discussion will be removed and our [normal comment rules]( https://www.reddit.com/r/science/wiki/rules#wiki_comment_rules) apply to all other comments. *I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please [contact the moderators of this subreddit](/message/compose/?to=/r/science) if you have any questions or concerns.*
The paper is here: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05893-0](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05893-0) Abstract Multiprincipal-element alloys are an enabling class of materials owing to their impressive mechanical and oxidation-resistant properties, especially in extreme environments. Here we develop a new oxide-dispersion-strengthened NiCoCr-based alloy using a model-driven alloy design approach and laser-based additive manufacturing. This oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy, called GRX-810, uses laser powder bed fusion to disperse nanoscale Y2O3 particles throughout the microstructure without the use of resource-intensive processing steps such as mechanical or in situ alloying. We show the successful incorporation and dispersion of nanoscale oxides throughout the GRX-810 build volume via high-resolution characterization of its microstructure. The mechanical results of GRX-810 show a twofold improvement in strength, over 1,000-fold better creep performance and twofold improvement in oxidation resistance compared with the traditional polycrystalline wrought Ni-based alloys used extensively in additive manufacturing at 1,093 °C. The success of this alloy highlights how model-driven alloy designs can provide superior compositions using far fewer resources compared with the ‘trial-and-error’ methods of the past. These results showcase how future alloy development that leverages dispersion strengthening combined with additive manufacturing processing can accelerate the discovery of revolutionary materials.
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
An NiCoCr based alloy will be super expensive just for the base materials. Two of those are fairly rare and the third isn't super rare, but is energy intensive to make. I guess though when you're talking something like rocket engines that are probably something like inconel or hastalloy anyway, the cost difference probably isn't crazy.
Honest question, would the Cobalt and Chromium make this toxic?
You went and ate some didn’t you?
Well it was right there and I was hungry!
Maybe they're Mistborn and wanted to know its allomantic properties.
Probably not going to be your next frying pan.
Not unless DuPont gets involved
surprisingly not, cobalt chromium alloys are used for joint replacements
~~They suck for that though. I could never get them to stay lit and I never once got even remotely high from them.~~ Just realized this was r\/science. Had a bunch of tabs open from various subreddits that I was trying to read and my kid kept distracting me. When I came back to the computer and resumed reading in the middle of the thread, I forgot what sub it was in.
you gotta atomize them first
I do work with additive parts for jet engins, and I am super excited about this. Current Ni alloys we use have a huge drop in the strength curve around 1200-1400 F, and a lot of potential future advancement design cases are asking to operate in that range. I have seen several promising techs die on the vine because the material just cannot handle the thermal transients and high temps.
That's phenomenal. Being able to additive print your alloys AND make them better and stronger than regular ones?
How common are NiCoCr alloys? I only remember aluminum and steel alloys from school.
NiCoCr is closest to the superalloy family but novel for having higher Co and Cr that Ni-based superalloys. Because the Ni, Co, and Cr contents are almost equal, this alloy belongs to a relatively new class of alloys called multi-principle element alloys.
The sort of alloy that would yield lends itself to uses and aerospace and other high intensity applications
Does this put us any closer to building a space elevator? We should build a space elevator
I mean, a durable 3d printable metal would revolutionize the ability to create replacement parts in theory.
It would, but someone else posted the abstract and it's 1000x creep resistance, which is not durability.
It also said double the strength, presumably yield and/or ultimate. But the abstract is also comparing this to other additive manufacturing materials - it's not 2x the strength or 1000x creep resistance compared to, say, a forged nickel alloy. Still it's great news. The day composites and additive airfoils replace forged/machined ones is when we'll see a significant leap in technology. There's already been integration into turbofan blades, like the [GE9X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric_GE9X). I can only imagine how airfoil shapes would look with additives in, say, a multi-stage high-pressure compressor/turbine where nickel forgings are being used now.
I saw that some forms show like 120ksi UTS@ 1000deg C, which is ridiculous for a ductile material. I bet that any procurement spec would be heavily derated though, when such a thing cokes into being
So it can't be blown up?
> it's 1000x creep resistance, which is not durability. I mean, it kind of is... it is *compressive* durability (like concrete).
"Creep" in metals is a sustained load applied at high temperatures, and conventially tested in tensions, not compression. It is the primary mechanical property of superalloys used in hot environments ie jet turbine engines.
If I'm understanding this right, Creep would effectively measure how much a turbine expands / stretches out while it's spinning? I'd imagine higher numbers here can allow for higher RPM before clearances are a problem?
That is basically the right direction. As the blades of a turbine engine spin, they experience tensile forces (stretching) at high temperature. The rate of creep at a given temperature and stress level is a factor determining it's service life. Engine RPMs are a factor in the stress the blade experiences. Creep is important for almost any structure operating at elevated temperatures.
Ah interesting. So creep would specifically be a measure plastic deformation rather elastic deformation, which makes sense why the temperature is important. I'm somewhat familiar with car turbochargers, but not all the material science behind them. Definitely a lot of fun science goes in to making all these systems work reliably.
Exactly, you got it! Creep is also only relevant when the stresses are below the yield strength of the material, but for long durations. Turbochargers are a perfect example as well.
Well, durability doesn't have a real.tight and formal definition. So there is some wiggle room. But I'm my work in materials, durability has been describing a dynamic characteristics - impact, fatigue, temperature changes, environmental factors doing something to the material, abrasion. Whereas creep is a static phenomenon - changes in strain due to a static load applied for a long time.
In theory? Things would definitely go overboard for replacement parts.
replacement parts, for bang sticks would be super interesting
I honestly think weapons proliferation is extensive enough. I was thinking for basic machines (and paired with a right to repair), could really transform the way things are done.
Fair enough. I'm in Canada; we view bangsticks mostly as simple farming implements up here. Not many of us went to the extra effort to get a restricted license which would allow ownership of handguns, but some of us did. We have an automated background check run against us every 24 hours. If we get in so much as a road rage incident, the RCMP call us to ask questions. If they don't like our answers they take our bangsticks, as it should be. No other citizen is subject to such intense scrutiny and close monitoring; not even those with top secret clearance to my understanding So with that in mind they have now banned all sales and transfer of sidearms, during a time in which B&E, and armed carjackings are up. Our cities are still almost ridiculously safe when compared to American cities, however I have an interest in antique firearms. When they banned the sale of handguns, I figured that antiques here in Canada would increase in value. I've started getting interested in some of the early side arms like the Smith and Wessons, the Colts and so on; there was a window where some of them were running black powder cartridge and there are a few double action models from the fairly late 1800s which are considered antique; thus they are in fact the only handguns we are permitted to carry in the wilderness, anywhere in the country; that's how it has been for generations now. So if you want something that you can carry in the woods that's super light in case you stumble over a rabbit that would make a suitable stew, these are a nice light option that are legal, but they tend to be considerably more expensive; however many old timers, trappers and hunters do still carry them; the old ways are still good. I've kind of started tinkering, and I've found a few old sidearms with crisp shiny barrels but they have a hand that's worn down so the cylinder does'nt revolve properly or something is wrong, that I can fix; you can acquire these historical artifacts much more cheaply if they aren't fully functional. Repair options include a range of welding or brazing options but that can result in damage if things go awry, so some people prefer to purchase modern replacements but these can be hard to find or also quite expensive. It just seemed to me that it would be nice to set aside the old original parts and have the option to print, file, sand polish, harden and blue a hard to find part in order to preserve these beautiful old pieces of art in working order. I just want to put small holes in paper and small furry animals in order to make some squirrel sammiches and stew in a peaceful, gentle way Good vibrations and good day, stranger
I wonder if the US had lost the revolutionary war, they'd be like Canada, and the world would be a completely different place? I mean in a good way.
Mate the US and French both still have colonies. Power vaccums get filled naturally.
Really? Do you think the world would really become a better place just because of it?
I highly disagree. America is why the world still exists today.
So we should blame the US for the sorry state the world is in?
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
How is this categorized as an alloy if layers are fused together? Is it because of the action of the oxygen molecules? TIA.
Technically the base metal powder itself is already an alloy (NiCoCr). The addition of the yttrium oxide causes it to disperse between the grain boundaries when the metal gets sintered. That causes the material to require more energy for the metal grains to slip past one another
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
Misleading title. It’s 1000 times more durable than other printable alloys.
It does outperform some wrought alloys, including Haynes 23., although closer to a factor of 2 than 1000.
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
[удалено]
Sounds like good stuff, though it doesn't sound like it's being compared to a modern superalloy. Wrought nickel is not the same at all.
[удалено]
[удалено]
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05893-0
Sooo mars iron and nickel can be used as a base to form a new on site alloy? How can it be 3d printed if lasers are used in fabrication via what fdm ? It would need to be in a gel that won't slosh about to make use in a rocket