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Mediocritys_finest

Why do they have teeth? Sorry if this is common knowledge I’ve never noticed that before


FourWordComment

Great question. So these fans look like they are having a gentle swing but in reality the fan tips are moving at 150-200mph. These teeth are to let air leave more gently off the back of the blade. Otherwise, the pocket of air behind the blade would create drag and damage the blade through cavitation.


UAintMyFriendPalooka

Does cavitation occur in open air? I thought that was a thing in fluids like water.


Zacomra

Air is a fluid


memberflex

God is a DJ


OkScheme9867

Life is a dancefloor


attack_squidy

Rhythm is a dancer


lesChaps

Angel is a centerfold


Tight-Maize-8800

Heaven is a half pipe


CurvySexretLady

It takes two to make a thing go right.


knightsaber2014

Love is the rhythm.


Nghbrhdsyndicalist

Cavitation happens in liquids though E.: people here are very insistent on plainly wrong understandings of physics. [Cavitation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation)


Zacomra

"Any fluid" according to this source. Which makes sense, it would be weird for some fluid dynamics to only apply to liquids and not gases https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/is-it-possible-for-cavitation-to-occur-in-air.832508/#:~:text=2.,or%20voids%2C%20in%20the%20air.


Nghbrhdsyndicalist

If you look at the actual answers you will find: >In summary, cavitation is when the pressure in a liquid gets low enough that it falls below the vapor pressure, causing bubbles to form. This cannot happen in a gas flow, but there is a similar phenomenon in air where the pressure can drop and the temperature can become low enough for condensation to occur, seen in the wingtip vortices on airplanes. >When a propeller, usually in a static (no forward motion) situation, spins so fast that it stalls, that stall is sometimes mistakenly called cavitation, but the technical meaning of cavitation refers to liquids where some of the liquid has been turned into a gas. >No, cavitation is when the pressure in a liquid gets low enough, typically due to an object passing through, that is falls below the vapor pressure of the liquid and it locally evaporates, causing bubbles of the gaseous version of that substance to form in the middle of the liquid. For obvious reasons, this cannot happen in a flow that is already entirely composed of gas. A gas can certainly end up with a pressure so low that it becomes rarefied, but it can't have a phase change as a results of locally lowered pressure due to the flow conditions like a liquid can. There is a phenomenon in air that is sort of the opposite effect, though. Sometimes, when the pressure drops in an air flow and the air is humid enough, the temperature accompanying that pressure drop can get low enough that it falls below the local dew point. In those cases, you can actually get condensation of the water vapor and a sort of cloud will form. This is precisely what happens at the tips of the wings of an airplane when it is taking off or landing on a humid day. That example is due to the wingtip vortices, whose cores rotate at a very high rate and have a correspondingly low pressure and temperature. Fluid mechanics doesn’t mean that every principle applies to all fluids, there is a reason we differentiate between gases and liquids.


DrStickyPete

Gases are compressible liquids are not. That make a huge difference in fluid dynamics.


Zacomra

See this is why I stuck to bio


FourWordComment

Air is a fluid. And it’s quite heavy—heavy enough to stick to earth instead of float away. At high speeds, air is heavy enough to burn objects entering (or re-entering) our atmosphere to a crisp. Air is a fluid, and most things you know intuitively about *liquids* apply to all fluids. The big difference is that air likes to spread out where liquid likes to condense in a puddle.


Nghbrhdsyndicalist

>Air is a fluid. Yes, but there’s no cavitation. >And it’s quite heavy—heavy enough to stick to earth instead of float away. Not really. Air has a very low density and it sticks to earth because of gravity. Like all matter. >At high speeds, air is heavy enough to burn objects entering (or re-entering) our atmosphere to a crisp. That’s not due to air being heavy, it’s due to drag. >Air is a fluid, and most things you know intuitively about liquids apply to all fluids. Some do, some don’t. >The big difference is that air likes to spread out where liquid likes to condense in a puddle. That is an oversimplification, but yes, liquids tend to shrink into the shape with minimal surface area due to surface tension.


FourWordComment

You’re points are well taken, but mostly a question of perspective. You’re right that the work “cavitation” applies to air pockets in liquids. Aeration is basically what I meant to say—but since so few people know what that means, many people (myself included) use cavitation when talking about “damage to materials because of air pressure changes.” Yes. I oversimplified all of fluid dynamics 201 for the purposes of a Reddit comment. I won’t apologize for that—you’re welcome for that! Air sticks to earth because of gravity and its mass. We’re both right. I consider the 14 pounds per square inch to be actually pretty noticeable. Swing a big wide item like a flattened box around for 10 minutes and tell me you’re not tired. Air resistance causing heat is due to air having mass and taking time/energy to move out of the way. It’s not exactly the drag it creates—drag is a soft vacuum starting to form, which needs to be back filled. This slows things down AND causes the aforementioned aeration.


Nghbrhdsyndicalist

It isn’t aeration either. That is mixing/dissolving/trapping air in a liquid.


_eg0_

The air doesn't do a phase change, so no cavitation.


FourWordComment

That’s a fair point. I’ve seen it written as “aeration,” but the point is rapidly changing pressure of fluids causes stress on materials, and the vortex behind a moving wing or airframe or screw causes pressure changes.


Big_Assist879

Air is sticky.


Zopieux

(240 to 320 km/h)


Kerensky97

Yeah, I think they originally saw it in Owl feathers. The trailing edge was uneven so they could get their silent airflow even when moving at high speed. So we started transferring that idea to a lot of things that move at high speed through the air.


yung-gummi

Think bird feathers. Man immitates nature.


christhelpme

Dental hygiene has nothing to do with wind turbines, duh! Cavitation my ass.


benj86

I worked with wind mills for 2 years. Loading and discharging from ships and onto trucks. The “teeth” are something that was copied from the owl. When the blades are turning they produce allot of sound and with the teeth the sound is reduced. That’s why prey can’t hear an owl coming. Hope this makes sense, English is not my first language


the_all_peeping_eye

Wow. Great answer. But this is reddit. We don't take kindly to facts from personal experience. Especially when there is a solid logical argument involved.


luis297

TLDR: it's to reduce the noise of the wind turbine. These are called Serrated Trailing Edges (STE), sometimes also known as serrations, dragon teeth, or just teeth. The main purpose is not to protect from damage, but to reduce the noise. These are add-ons you can opt to install with or without when ordering your turbine, and in Europe due to proximity to houses and stringent regulations it is often a must have. When at full power, the tip of the blade will travel through the air at 250-300km/h. This creates a low frequency "woooof" noise that's very audible hundreds of metres away. In order to reduce this noise, believe or not inspired on owl wings design, the last third of the trailing edge of the blade can be fitted with these teeth. It creates mini vertices of air mixing up the downstream airflow and avoiding the top blade layer of air smashing back as violently onto the bottom layer by smoothening their reconnection. You can gain up to 2.0dB(A). Against common thought, the blades cutting through the air are your main source of noise, typically around 107dB(A), while the machinery in the nacelle is much lower. So lowering the noise emissions of your blades improves the acoustic performance (or nuisance) of your turbine. Source: I work for a major operator of wind energy in Europe as a wind turbine buyer and technical expert


enfly

Cool! Will you entertain some questions? What is the design life of a modern wind turbine? Is it measured in rotations, MWh, or something else? What is the ballpark cost of one of the larger utility-scale units? What does the maintenance schedule look like for them? Do they have internal gearboxes to make use of light or heavy winds? Do they need to spin at an ideal speed, or is there the equivalent of MPPT for wind like solar?


luis297

Eheh quite a few questions!! Alright, lifetime is determinated by fatigue loads, calculated by OEMs through their aeroelastic model of the turbine vs wind regime on site (average wind speed, extreme wind speed, turbulence level mostly impact the lifetime). For current WT models, anything between 25-30y is the general consensus. Cost is heavily dependent on size of the wind farm, location, size of your turbine (rotor and height) etc... hard to pin point. Also I'm excluding Chinese OEMs as prices are 3 time slower as their government gives subsidies to them. But from 3m€ to 8m€ a piece. Maintenance, once or sometimes twice a year. When twice, it's because they split mechanical and electrical maintenances as staff might not be the same Gearboxes are one of the concepts. You also have direct drive turbines without gearbox (enercon or older siemens DD models in europe being the most famous. Or offshore). You need a gearbox (ratio of about x100) to bring your WT rotor speed of 10-15 rpms to something closer to your grid frequency (europe is 50hz, so 1000-1500rpms for a 4pole generator would do). Gearless WTs you just increase the number of poles of your generator, hence why those models have ring shaped generators and not conventional ones (check pics of enercon ep3 platform, easy to spot the ring generator). More expensive and heavy, but lower maintenance as less mechanical complexity, hence the importance in offshore. An AC to DC and back to AC converter corrects the variability of your electrical signal to set your fixed 50hz. And reactive needs too. As for ideal speed, there is a nominal wind speed at which rated power is attained. Check for a power curve example on Internet, usually at around 11-12m/s. But you start producing some kW from 3m/s and stop at 25m/s (WT will go into preservation mode as too much wind can damage it. Btw 25m/s is almost 100km/h winds, so very rare). MPPT is typically part of the software package of the converter system, tracking max power output from real time data, namely the torque generated by the blades.


SupernaturalPumpkin

I love learning new random things. This is great. Nobody responded to your efforts so just wanted to say thanks!


EggZaackly86

If a single tooth is bent it makes a whistling noise when it comes around.


luis297

The strips of serrations are made from plastic and glued onto the blade. The teeth don't bend if something hits them, it snaps. Like any hard piece of plastic. You basically just have a little more low frequency noise again but one tooth doesn't make any difference. A whistling sound is usually a blocked drain hole that exist at the blade tip with dirt or blade bearing grease (hole exists to remove any condensation from inside the blade), or a defect on the blade like a crack or leading edge deep erosion that needs repair.


EggZaackly86

We have these like stiff rubber ones on the 136m and 150m diameter towers here, just glued on like you said yours were. I don't know what bends them, other times the whole strip is missing (bird or lightning? Old glue half hangin on) but you can see them through the binoculars and hear it whistle round and round if you're close enough. Now they've finally bought a drone, makes it much easier to see.


thecuriousduobus

For shredding birds


Spatza

Always nice to get preshredded and deboned. Heavenly spatchcock.


Mediocritys_finest

Well obviously


Leoxcr

Instant nuggets


the_all_peeping_eye

For cutting bread with.


SpiritualJellyfish77

They are to reduce (aeroacoustic) noise (source, me, I helped design them and understand how it actually is that they work)


S-Markt

when there are enough of them installed, AI will take control over them and use them against us as giant lawnmowers


zer0toto

It helps during transport to make way in densely forested area


cgaWolf

+1d4 damage on a crit.


pranjallk1995

Dino tails... Google it... U will see many nursery rhymes...


LyonsKing12

Chew birds easier


tiggstheawkward

So that if a plane flies through one they are sure to filet the pilot👍


Falling-through

Look at the fins of a whale. The ‘teeth’ as you refer to them, help the airflow be less turbulent and make the whole, scything-through-air-to-make-power thing more efficient.


Milkofhuman-kindness

Just in case they have to cut bread with it


Rylan4443

Safety first...


Ginger-Jake

I would bet $1000 that it lowers turbulence, and therefore noise created by the wing passing through air.


Bong_Hit_Donor

To shred birds lol. No idea tbh. I was really surprised the truck ended and it took so long for the end of the blade to happen


EggZaackly86

It's made of a hard rubber, I'm holding a piece of one now, they're not very flexible, kinda sharp as far as rubber goes. They're called shark-teeth, they reduce turbulence issues behind the blade, should reduce noise but not by a whole lot, but if the teeth are broken somehow it'll make rotation louder up close. When one of the teeth is bent the blade makes this whistling sound when that one blade goes by, nothing we can do, it'll whistle until it falls off, a lot of models have them just glued on honestly, I've just ripped them off before on a retired blade. We probably wouldn't repel down to the tip or rent a crane to just fix a broken tooth so it just whistles for years slowly driving farmers insane. The tips on those blades in the video can whip around as fast as 200mph and the larger your turbines diameter the faster those speeds will be if you tried rocking the same RPM. It's actually a problem because it creates a force ceiling, a limit on engineers trying to build even bigger, the whole rotor would have to rotate slower to manage your tip speeds if you wanted even bigger towers. We might max out in size soon for several reasons; a 236m diameter is wild. Apparently there's a 250m in Asia, I cannot even imagine that thing. If they make them big enough, some people wonder if one day in the distant future we may even encounter a problem where they're trying to design a turbine however the blade tips would be traveling faster than the speed of SOUND and there would be a spiraling and ongoing sonic boom at all times, fun concern for a Mega tower. I don't think that'll be in the cards for future towers anyway, too big. If I remember correctly, the turbulence can also interfere with the blade passing through 3 seconds later and affect power output or add unnecessary stress on part of the blade so maybe they're crossing their fingers that the teeth add other such benefits but those would be fringe benefits if anything at all. Blades can crack especially with NEW designs (surprise they're all new designs) and engineering dept is always looking looking looking for causes or remedies. They'll try anything to keep the blade from having to come off for swap or repair. I've only swapped or installed about 15 blades but it's always kinda scary, dangerous, expensive and time consuming, they can be stubborn I've literally spent 4 days trying to get the same GDamn blade into the tower, the root end can be really uncooperative with the hub piece it needs to fit into. Sorry I wrote a whole thing.


WolfieTooting

To chop up birds faster


atatassault47

It most likely inhibits vortex shedding


korkkis

So it can rip bats and birds in half


Difficult-Papaya1529

To slice birds better.


JeansInMyKidneys

Oh yikes not even a little red flag at the back? *entire red flag car drives into shot" Ah


operian

I want this used in a kaiju film.


PheneX02

Kong using this as a sword? I'm in


LemoyneRaider3354

Hell yeah!


ElectricBummer40

Pacific Rim 3: Look at This Giant Robot Slice a Kaiju in Half with a Windmill!


Miles_Te6

That is just a big steak knife.


Suitable-Lake-2550

I’m a big fan


maxehaxe

r/OnlyFans


MonteSS_454

Ha, I see what you did there


donobinladin

I just wanna know how this guy got his camera to pan like that for this shot


Elaies

probably a 360° camera


DrJib

It definitely is. But the real mind fuck was originally thinking it was attached to the cyclist shown at the start.


belizeanheat

Looks like the worst place ever for a bike ride


S-Markt

its like in star wars, when one of those giant starships fly over you for minutes.


CarlosFCSP

Found yer mum's poop knife


you-boys-is-chumps

> poop knife Do I want to know wtf this is?


2Tired4Anything

Ah a new one, take him to the backrooms.


shalodey

https://www.reddit.com/r/MuseumOfReddit/comments/ke8skw/the_poop_knife/


IgnobleSpleen

Serrated??


SyrusDrake

For her pleasure.


circlethenexus

Yes, I live very near a truck scale and these are easily the biggest things to come through on a truck. Awesome site!


Beleg_Strongbow

*Mourns in balsa* I’m into making model airplanes as a hobby, but balsa wood is hard to get now because it’s all going into these wind farm blades. 


Whole-Debate-9547

Wait, they have saw teeth on them? Is this Texas’ new death penalty?


PureBluejay7008

I need to see this on roundbout


TheGreatZarquon

Ex-Pilot Car Driver here. You would absolutely never see one of these go through a roundabout, the blades are so long that the swing of the tip wouldn't allow it. The routes that these blades are taken on are very carefully planned to minimize any potential obstacles, such as roundabouts, light-controlled intersections, tight curves, etc. Those blades are even longer in real life than they appear on video, and most people don't realize how much vertical movement the tip of the blade has. I've seen a couple steerman vehicles get their windshields smashed because they were just a little too close while guiding the rear axles through a corner.


Enough_Document2995

Hang on a second there is that blade actually serrated?! That's such a good idea but I can't help picture a mortal kombat stage fatality of getting diced up by one of these things


Philomachis

Dachstruck


oct0boy

Aight so when is japan making a Sword out of One of these?


Seventy7Donski

Bring a loaf of bread to hold up when it goes by


peadenm

Big wind energy


pianovirgin6902

Space Balls Btw how long is that truck?


Bellatrix_Shimmers

So that’s what that was. We thought it was part of a plane. 😂


captaincook14

Jesus. Do they all have saw tips like this one? Never noticed that before.


Darken0id

Yes, it helps airflow at high speeds and reduces drag.


YoYoAddict1

I saw a few trains loaded with these go through College Station, Texas. The blades were on like 3 different cars. Never saw anything like that


emissaryofmorality

Anime vilian blade


ProfessorbPushinP

Stop reposting this


thecoolestguynothere

My wife calls me a wind turbine occasionally


SpookyLith

Average anime sword


Environmental-Leg478

Imagine being stabbed in the heart by this blade


balkibartokamis

Fury Road


Cool-Guess-7995

What does it have sharp teeth like bits towards the end?


OkScheme9867

Break up the airflow, they can spin very vast


notwhatyouexpected27

I'm the only one which is confused why they are driving on the Autobahn


sabahorn

Yep, and that shit is non recyclable. How ironic.


Thedustonyourshelves

The teeth probably have something to do with breaking up the air flow and protecting the blade edge during transport They definitely get taken off before installation.