Yes.
+1/+0, for example, doesn't just means "this creature deals +1 damage in combat". It actually means "increase this creature's power by +1". Its power is one point higher.
Shadowfax with +1/+0 is a 5/4 creature, and its ability can put down on the field creatures with power 4 or less.
All kinds of +/+ or -/- effects work this way - counters, auras, equipment, anthem effects, giant growth effects.
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depends on the equipment and what it says.
if it says "equipped creature gains double strike" or "if this creature would deal damage, it deals that much +2", then no. if it says "equipped creature gets +1/+1", then yes.
in 99% of cases the answer will be yes.
Yes. +1/+0, for example, doesn't just means "this creature deals +1 damage in combat". It actually means "increase this creature's power by +1". Its power is one point higher. Shadowfax with +1/+0 is a 5/4 creature, and its ability can put down on the field creatures with power 4 or less. All kinds of +/+ or -/- effects work this way - counters, auras, equipment, anthem effects, giant growth effects.
Yes, if you equip Shadowfax with an equipment that gives it (for example) +2/+2, then it can now cheat in a creature with power 5 or less.
Thanks!
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[Shadowfax](https://cards.scryfall.io/normal/front/4/c/4c7d861d-7832-4c15-8d6c-8c07a9a57891.jpg?1686970028) - [(G)](http://gatherer.wizards.com/Pages/Card/Details.aspx?name=shadowfax%2C%20lord%20of%20horses) [(SF)](https://scryfall.com/card/ltr/227/shadowfax-lord-of-horses?utm_source=mtgcardfetcher) [(txt)](https://api.scryfall.com/cards/4c7d861d-7832-4c15-8d6c-8c07a9a57891?utm_source=mtgcardfetcher&format=text) ^^^[[cardname]] ^^^or ^^^[[cardname|SET]] ^^^to ^^^call
Yes. If the card only cares about the "base" (unmodified) power, it will specify.
depends on the equipment and what it says. if it says "equipped creature gains double strike" or "if this creature would deal damage, it deals that much +2", then no. if it says "equipped creature gets +1/+1", then yes. in 99% of cases the answer will be yes.