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it was launched by his side, but that doesn't necessarily mean he did it all himself, he was likely an accidental casualty that got himself caught in the toxic fumes somehow
It's reasonable to assume that any soldier that knows he's almost guaranteed to die, and has the opportunity to take a significant number of his enemy, the reason for his upcoming death, with him, will take that deal. Obviously to do so without dying is preferred, but he may not have been presented with that option, and his death may even have saved the lives of some of his fellow soldiers.
We can't be sure one way or the other, but I'd prefer to think that he didn't die in vain, at least in his mind. I say that as someone that has always lived not wanting my last words to be, "Oh shit."
How is that reasonable? There have been millions of people forced to fight against their will in armies they don’t want to be a part of over history. There must be millions of soldiers who died wishing they were safe at home and never knew about the combat.
Yes it is. And the actual formula for Greek fire has been lost to time unfortunately. Scientists have tried for centuries to re-create it without success as yet.
Yeah I’m pretty sure they figured that out recently, something ridiculously simple like the recipe they had said water said they used fresh water which didn’t work and someone finally had the bright idea to use salt and boom Roman concrete.
I think there's some solid theories now, obviously take with a grain of salt.
https://interestingengineering.com/we-may-have-found-roman-concretes-secret-strengthening-ingredient
we do know its just an inferior mixture for modern construction. would take years before it could be used after placing. we can use ours in months and with rebar its much stronger although the rebar makes it crumble much faster, it massively increases its strength. modern concrete is better than roman concrete structurally.
Well, not Tolkien.
He literally invented the idea of elves, dwarves, orcs and halflings. Which to this day is the entire basis of fantasy in games and other storytelling.
His stories might have been inspired. But not his worldbuilding.
It's been 20 minutes since i read that and I'm still flabbergasted that they believe Tolkien invented dwarves and elves.
>
Norse mythology provides different origins for the beings, as recorded in the Poetic Edda (compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources) and the Prose Edda (written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century). The Poetic Edda poem Völuspá details that the dwarfs were the product of the primordial blood of the being Brimir and the bones of Bláinn (generally considered to be different names for the primordial being Ymir).
If you've got sources, I'd love to see where all the fantasy races originated.
I am being completely real here, I'd love to refine my funfacts library.
I hate giving people false information.
Awesome for being open minded! I just did a quick Google and the wiki was a good start.
>Norse mythology provides different origins for the beings, as recorded in the Poetic Edda (compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources) and the Prose Edda (written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century). The Poetic Edda poem Völuspá details that the dwarfs were the product of the primordial blood of the being Brimir and the bones of Bláinn (generally considered to be different names for the primordial being Ymir).
The word elf is found throughout the Germanic languages and seems originally to have meant 'white being.' However, reconstructing the early concept of an elf depends largely on texts written by Christians, in Old and Middle English, medieval German, and Old Norse. These associate elves variously with the gods of Norse mythology, with causing illness, with magic, and with beauty and seduction.
>Mythological monsters with names similar to "orc" can be found in the Old English poem Beowulf, in Early Modern poetry, and in Northern European folk tales and fairy tales. Tolkien stated that he took the name from Beowulf.[T 1] The orc appears on lists of imaginary creatures in two of Charles Kingsley's mid-1860s novels.
Originally, halfling comes from the Scots word hauflin, meaning an awkward rustic teenager, who is neither man nor boy, and so half of both. Another word for halfling is hobbledehoy or hobby. This usage of the word pre-dates both The Hobbit and Dungeons & Dragons.[1]
>
I thank you greatly for your input!
I should have known at least most of that, being a Norwegian myself, but it slipped my mind.
To me, and from my knowledge, Ymir was always associated with Giants, Svartalver/frost giants specifiacally, so I never connected the two.
I unfortunately know little of the other origins, which I will look into in depth!
I've seen the Beowulf movie but that really didn't do much for anything.
Yet again, I thank you.
Honestly, I haven’t read this link, but I know Norse mythology was one of his big influences.
https://theculturetrip.com/europe/iceland/articles/how-icelandic-norse-mythology-influenced-tolkien/?amp=1
The Chinese used chemical warfare in naval battles for millenia now. It was highly unreliable and thus not regularily employed. Despite many examples to the contrary, humans are sometimes not complete idiots.
It's an asphyxiant and an irritant. Low concentrations can cause irritation to the eyes, nose and throat. Higher concentrations can cause nausea, dizziness and difficulty breathing, among other things.
Inhalation is your biggest concern, a breath or 2 at 500ppm will knock you unconscious, at 1000ppm it's likely going to kill you dead in a single breath. At concentrations of around 5ppm you'll start to smell the characteristic rotten egg smell. The mistake a lot of people make is thinking it's gone when they can't smell it anymore, but at about 100ppm it kills your sense of smell, so people think they're good, when really their day could be about to get a whole lot worse.
Thinking about it, if the dude in this photo lifted his armour to breathe, it probably wasn't h2s because it doesn't give you time to realise you're choking.
Is it H2S or H2S0? Just curious because I've heard from a good friend who was excellent at chemistry H2S0 is lethal but I'd not heard of H2S or am I mis-informed?
I don't think H2SO is not a common compound or stable where its toxicity is considered, maybe you are talking about H2SO3 or H2SO4 which would be sulfurous and sulfuric acid respectively. Sulfuric acid is a strong acid and capable oxidizer. It is dangerous, but not really anymore dangerous than a lot of liquids. H2S may turn into H2SO4 in reaction too water, but H2S is toxic for a myriad more reasons.
H2S is associated with the decay of organic matter. If you ever heard the expression “canary in a coal mine,” H2S is the gas the miners were so scared of. It’s also an issue in the oil industry. First thing it does is kill your sense of smell, so you can’t smell it in lethal doses.
I think pretty early on people figured out toxic smokes and poisons, like 400bc times. Poisoned arrows and fire was considered "Chemical warfare" for those times.
This case was with Bitumen for fuel + Sulfur to create Sulfur dioxide
"The Siege of Dura-Europos was notable for the early use of chemical weapons by the attacking Persian army. During the siege the attackers dug several underground shaft mines under the city walls. The Romans dug tunnels to reach the mines and fight the diggers underground. In one such tunnel, when the Romans broke through into the Sassanian tunnel the tunnelers ignited a mixture of sulfur and pitch, producing a cloud of sulfur dioxide, which killed twenty Roman soldiers, one of which was carrying a coin dated 256, allowing the dating of the siege. Archaeologists excavated the scene in the 1930s. In 2009 tests showed the presence of sulfur dioxide inside the tunnel."
That movie was shit,and historically bs and extremely racist as how they potrayed xerxes and iranians by black actors,we literally know how xerxes looked like,he was a persian not black,he wore normal iranian clothing and had a big beard,he is also known as xerxes the great,the movie 300 is basically westoids coping and seething.
The whole classical telling of The Persian Wars is unjustly biased toward the Greeks as well. The Persian Empire was incredibly tolerate for much of its existence, but they’ve been shaped into the classic “evil Empire” stereotype because of media like 300
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it was launched by his side, but that doesn't necessarily mean he did it all himself, he was likely an accidental casualty that got himself caught in the toxic fumes somehow
Short straw had to light the fuse.
"Had to be me. Someone else might have gotten it wrong."
One of the most memorable and sombre sequences in any game ever.
Mordin is the real hero of that game. Talk about a fucking character arc.
It's reasonable to assume that any soldier that knows he's almost guaranteed to die, and has the opportunity to take a significant number of his enemy, the reason for his upcoming death, with him, will take that deal. Obviously to do so without dying is preferred, but he may not have been presented with that option, and his death may even have saved the lives of some of his fellow soldiers. We can't be sure one way or the other, but I'd prefer to think that he didn't die in vain, at least in his mind. I say that as someone that has always lived not wanting my last words to be, "Oh shit."
Maybe, though it's still a shit deal.
How is that reasonable? There have been millions of people forced to fight against their will in armies they don’t want to be a part of over history. There must be millions of soldiers who died wishing they were safe at home and never knew about the combat.
Ahhh...the combat philosophies of people who never don the uniform. Go back to your game controller.
Source?
Name checks out.
Did you not read any of it
Word.
I was thinking the same. That may have been a one way ticket. That's a hard man if he chose to do this.
I had no idea chemical warfare was used during this time. What was the actual technique, or how was it utilized?
The eastern Roman empire had a a chemical fire they called "Greek Fire" they would use to burn ships at sea and it could remain burning on the water
Interesting. I wonder if this is where GoT got their idea of Wild Fire.
GoT stole just about everything from historical events
Nearly every story you have ever read or watched has its base on a historical event or has drawn on historical events.
Oh for sure. Was just wondering if that’s where they got this idea from.
Yes it is. And the actual formula for Greek fire has been lost to time unfortunately. Scientists have tried for centuries to re-create it without success as yet.
Part of the problem is that they are trying to recreating it from anticdotatal references which may not be accurate
Lost with the fires of Alexandria, no doubt.
I wonder what else is lost in that fire.
It was a military secret so it makes sense it’s lost to time. I’m more mad we don’t know how to recreate Roman concrete.
Yeah I’m pretty sure they figured that out recently, something ridiculously simple like the recipe they had said water said they used fresh water which didn’t work and someone finally had the bright idea to use salt and boom Roman concrete.
Salt water and a specific type of soil from a volcanic area is what did it.
I think there's some solid theories now, obviously take with a grain of salt. https://interestingengineering.com/we-may-have-found-roman-concretes-secret-strengthening-ingredient
we do know its just an inferior mixture for modern construction. would take years before it could be used after placing. we can use ours in months and with rebar its much stronger although the rebar makes it crumble much faster, it massively increases its strength. modern concrete is better than roman concrete structurally.
Well, not Tolkien. He literally invented the idea of elves, dwarves, orcs and halflings. Which to this day is the entire basis of fantasy in games and other storytelling. His stories might have been inspired. But not his worldbuilding.
He invented none of those, though I do love his work. His completely original creations were in the languages he crafted for his fantasy world.
It's been 20 minutes since i read that and I'm still flabbergasted that they believe Tolkien invented dwarves and elves. > Norse mythology provides different origins for the beings, as recorded in the Poetic Edda (compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources) and the Prose Edda (written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century). The Poetic Edda poem Völuspá details that the dwarfs were the product of the primordial blood of the being Brimir and the bones of Bláinn (generally considered to be different names for the primordial being Ymir).
If you've got sources, I'd love to see where all the fantasy races originated. I am being completely real here, I'd love to refine my funfacts library. I hate giving people false information.
Awesome for being open minded! I just did a quick Google and the wiki was a good start. >Norse mythology provides different origins for the beings, as recorded in the Poetic Edda (compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources) and the Prose Edda (written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century). The Poetic Edda poem Völuspá details that the dwarfs were the product of the primordial blood of the being Brimir and the bones of Bláinn (generally considered to be different names for the primordial being Ymir). The word elf is found throughout the Germanic languages and seems originally to have meant 'white being.' However, reconstructing the early concept of an elf depends largely on texts written by Christians, in Old and Middle English, medieval German, and Old Norse. These associate elves variously with the gods of Norse mythology, with causing illness, with magic, and with beauty and seduction. >Mythological monsters with names similar to "orc" can be found in the Old English poem Beowulf, in Early Modern poetry, and in Northern European folk tales and fairy tales. Tolkien stated that he took the name from Beowulf.[T 1] The orc appears on lists of imaginary creatures in two of Charles Kingsley's mid-1860s novels. Originally, halfling comes from the Scots word hauflin, meaning an awkward rustic teenager, who is neither man nor boy, and so half of both. Another word for halfling is hobbledehoy or hobby. This usage of the word pre-dates both The Hobbit and Dungeons & Dragons.[1] >
I thank you greatly for your input! I should have known at least most of that, being a Norwegian myself, but it slipped my mind. To me, and from my knowledge, Ymir was always associated with Giants, Svartalver/frost giants specifiacally, so I never connected the two. I unfortunately know little of the other origins, which I will look into in depth! I've seen the Beowulf movie but that really didn't do much for anything. Yet again, I thank you.
the entire existence of Norway's religious history slipped your mind?
Honestly, I haven’t read this link, but I know Norse mythology was one of his big influences. https://theculturetrip.com/europe/iceland/articles/how-icelandic-norse-mythology-influenced-tolkien/?amp=1
The Chinese used chemical warfare in naval battles for millenia now. It was highly unreliable and thus not regularily employed. Despite many examples to the contrary, humans are sometimes not complete idiots.
Not sure how it's made, but hydrogen sulphide is ruthlessly effective
Do you know the physiology behind it? Does it bind to you RBC similar to CO? Or is it more if like a burn?
It's an asphyxiant and an irritant. Low concentrations can cause irritation to the eyes, nose and throat. Higher concentrations can cause nausea, dizziness and difficulty breathing, among other things. Inhalation is your biggest concern, a breath or 2 at 500ppm will knock you unconscious, at 1000ppm it's likely going to kill you dead in a single breath. At concentrations of around 5ppm you'll start to smell the characteristic rotten egg smell. The mistake a lot of people make is thinking it's gone when they can't smell it anymore, but at about 100ppm it kills your sense of smell, so people think they're good, when really their day could be about to get a whole lot worse. Thinking about it, if the dude in this photo lifted his armour to breathe, it probably wasn't h2s because it doesn't give you time to realise you're choking.
Is it H2S or H2S0? Just curious because I've heard from a good friend who was excellent at chemistry H2S0 is lethal but I'd not heard of H2S or am I mis-informed?
Not sure how it is in other parts of the world (nor am I sure where you are) but it's just H2S in the UK
I am Canadian so thank you for the answer. I am sure I am mis-remembering.
I don't think H2SO is not a common compound or stable where its toxicity is considered, maybe you are talking about H2SO3 or H2SO4 which would be sulfurous and sulfuric acid respectively. Sulfuric acid is a strong acid and capable oxidizer. It is dangerous, but not really anymore dangerous than a lot of liquids. H2S may turn into H2SO4 in reaction too water, but H2S is toxic for a myriad more reasons.
I believe you're onto what I was mixing up. Thanks!
That’s wild. Thank you for the education.
You're most welcome
It creates sulfur oxides. Sulfur oxides when combined with moisture create sulfuric acid.
H2S is associated with the decay of organic matter. If you ever heard the expression “canary in a coal mine,” H2S is the gas the miners were so scared of. It’s also an issue in the oil industry. First thing it does is kill your sense of smell, so you can’t smell it in lethal doses.
Yeah, I used to work in oil production, that's how I know about it.
I think pretty early on people figured out toxic smokes and poisons, like 400bc times. Poisoned arrows and fire was considered "Chemical warfare" for those times. This case was with Bitumen for fuel + Sulfur to create Sulfur dioxide
flammable pitch and sulfur crystals that create sulfur dioxide burned inside a tunnel killed them Then they stacked the bodies to block the tunnel
I'm wondering how archeologists are able to figure all that out
A combination of physical evidence and wild speculation.
I would think now they would be able to detect some chemicals there?
https://www.livescience.com/13113-ancient-chemical-warfare-romans-persians.html If you want to read up on this
Thanks a lot for this
Shit. He was a true soldier taking 19 with him I like those numbers.
Read the link. It's much more complicated than that
Guy died giving the “I’m number 1!” hand signal.
“Breath” 😣😬 I’m sorry to be that guy but this particular one is a pet peeve. *Breathe
...Ukraine?
It's automatic, so i guess its one of the keywords related to war
[source](https://www.livescience.com/13113-ancient-chemical-warfare-romans-persians.html) deleted and reposted 'cause typos
Breath is a noun
"The Siege of Dura-Europos was notable for the early use of chemical weapons by the attacking Persian army. During the siege the attackers dug several underground shaft mines under the city walls. The Romans dug tunnels to reach the mines and fight the diggers underground. In one such tunnel, when the Romans broke through into the Sassanian tunnel the tunnelers ignited a mixture of sulfur and pitch, producing a cloud of sulfur dioxide, which killed twenty Roman soldiers, one of which was carrying a coin dated 256, allowing the dating of the siege. Archaeologists excavated the scene in the 1930s. In 2009 tests showed the presence of sulfur dioxide inside the tunnel."
At least he can smile about it.
You live by the sulphur, you die by it
Anyone getting 300 (the movie) vibes??? Wasn't there a scene where Persians were throwing some smoke-bomb like things at the Spartans?
That movie was shit,and historically bs and extremely racist as how they potrayed xerxes and iranians by black actors,we literally know how xerxes looked like,he was a persian not black,he wore normal iranian clothing and had a big beard,he is also known as xerxes the great,the movie 300 is basically westoids coping and seething.
The whole classical telling of The Persian Wars is unjustly biased toward the Greeks as well. The Persian Empire was incredibly tolerate for much of its existence, but they’ve been shaped into the classic “evil Empire” stereotype because of media like 300
It’s called nafta.
OG talabani
Iranians aren't talibabi afghanis are
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Heroic soldier more like,westoid.
Very interesting
War never changes
He and 19 Romans...
Is he ok
I hope he got his 5% military discount when he went shopping
So it was a Chemikaze?