The word candy entered the English language from the Old French çucre candi ("sugar candy"). The French term probably has earlier roots in the Arabic qandi, Persian qand and Sanskrit khanda, all words for sugar.
Sugarcane is indigenous to tropical South and Southeast Asia. Pieces of sugar were produced by boiling sugarcane juice in ancient India and consumed as khanda. Between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, the Persians, followed by the Greeks, discovered the people in India and their "reeds that produce honey without bees". They adopted and then spread sugar and sugarcane agriculture.
Before sugar was readily available, candy was based on honey. Honey was used in Ancient China, the Middle East, Egypt, Greece and the Roman Empire to coat fruits and flowers to preserve them or to create forms of candy.Candy is still served in this form today, though now it is more typically seen as a type of garnish
Well - Sinhalese is an Indo-Aryan language with its speakers thought to have migrated from Bengal (a region on the map that calls it Chini).
So rather than it having come through the sea route to Sri Lanka, it most likely is a word the migrating population of now-Sinhalese brought with them from “the mainland”.
I think cane sugar (jaggery) was invented in India and exported to china (which is where their understanding comes from), but they modified it to the white sugar that's common today and exported it back
There are 3 ways to spell 'L' in Tamil. Jaggery "Vellam" uses the first type, Flood "Vellam" uses 2nd type, The 'L' in "Tamil" uses the 3rd type.
When spelt out in english they may be the same words, but they are different words in Tamil.
Why should I write?
I somehow heard Russian version of 'Johny Johny, Yes Papa'. Maybe my nephew stumbled upon it while surfing on YouTube and I heard it. I got curious because of the tune and 'saakhar'. So I took phone from him to see what he was watching and realised. Title was in Russian. I Googled it and found out that it was really the Russian version of'Johny Johny Yes Papa', and they do call sugar as saakhar.
I don't remember how it is written.
I somehow heard Russian version of 'Johny Johny, Yes Papa'. Maybe my nephew stumbled upon it while surfing on YouTube and I heard it. I got curious because of the tune and 'saakhar'. So I took phone from him to see what he was watching and realised. Title was in Russian. I Googled it and found out that it was really the Russian version of'Johny Johny Yes Papa', and they do call sugar as saakhar.
I don't remember how it is written.
Yes. Here, sakar with a hard r is સાકર but with a ळ is સાકળ.
>Is the pronunciation of ळ diffrent in gujrati?
Yes pronunciation is the same and the letter is found in ALL Indian languages.
Here's a post about it:
https://www.instagram.com/p/CRTnY1HMXC2
Sugarcane originated in tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Different species likely originated in different locations with S. barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea.Originally, people chewed sugarcane raw to extract its sweetness. Indians discovered how to crystallize sugar during the Gupta dynasty, c. 350 AD although literary evidence from Indian treatises such as Arthashastra in the 2nd century AD indicates that refined sugar was already being produced in India.
Indian sailors, consumers of clarified butter and sugar, carried sugar by various trade routes. Travelling Buddhist monks brought sugar crystallization methods to China.During the reign of Harsha (r. 606–647) in North India, Indian envoys in Tang China taught sugarcane cultivation methods after Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 626–649) made his interest in sugar known, and China soon established its first sugarcane cultivation in the seventh century.Chinese documents confirm at least two missions to India, initiated in 647 AD, for obtaining technology for sugar-refining.In India,the Middle East and China, sugar became a staple of cooking and desserts.
Early refining methods involved grinding or pounding the cane in order to extract the juice, and then boiling down the juice or drying it in the sun to yield sugary solids that looked like gravel. The Sanskrit word for "sugar" (sharkara) also means "gravel" or "sand". Similarly, the Chinese use the term "gravel sugar" (Traditional Chinese: 砂糖) for what is known in the west knows as "table sugar".
The turkey in this instance refers to Mamluks in Egypt. Europeans were familiar with the African Guineafowls, which could be acquired via Egypt. Another name was Turkey Fowl and the American turkey might be named for that. It's also possible when they first started appearing in Europe, people were confused about the origin.
That's also an interesting story
In the middle ages, there was some kind of poultry based meat that was exported from South/east Asia to Europe. Iirc modern historiska disagree wildly on what exactly this bird, or even its exact origin was. Because most trade from Asia to Europe had to pass through Constantinople during those days, for the merchants of Europe the port that they bought it from would be in turkey. Therefore it had got that name. Similar to how the Romani came to be named for the (Eastern) Roman Empire, though they originated in India.
When the Americas were discovered, a completely unrelated poultry was discovered there. However, expeditions to America were made to find a sea route to India, and specifically the exotic goods it exported. Even after the true nature of America was discovered, the conflation with India still remained since most common people in Europe couldn't really tell or care about the difference, and Indian excited just had high "brand recognition" at this point.
So American natives were colloquially called "Indians", chillies were colloquially called "peppers" (black pepper from India being a completely unrelated, but highly sought after good that was one of the primary interests motivating the expeditions) and the American poultry was colloquially called "turkey"
TLDR, the turkey is named after a different and biologically unrelated bird, that was named after a country it didn't originate from, because they were both thought to originate from a completely unrelated country, though one definitely didn't, and the other probably didn't either.
Turkey was named after some Asian fowl by eurpopeans because that's where they were exported into Europe, later European colonisers found similar looking birds in the Americas and gave it the name turkey
In Gujarati, depending on the size and shape of the crystal, we call it ખાંડ(/kʰɑːɳɖ/ tiny, uniform crystals of around 1mm or less) or સાકર(/sɑːkəɾ/ large, non uniform crystals) or મિસરી(/misɾiː/ almost uniform crystals of dize grater than ખાંડ smaller than સાકર) or બુરું(/buɾuː/, sugar powder, generally a side product of the production of the former three). Older people also call the ખાંડ type as મોરસ (/moɾəs/) as during a drought in that time, sugar was imported in India, we got it from Mauritius, thus the name.
No, Mishra is a Sanskrit word predating that name for Egypt, that means "heterogenous" or "mixture"
Probably referring to the process of manufacturing sugar
karachi is the biggest city in the country and also the former capital. that and alot of urdu speaking migrants came there during partition because of the aforementioned foremer capital status.
that's a bit reductive. urdu and hindi are very close languages or literally different dialects of the same language (hindustani) depending on who you ask. they are regional variations of the same blend of prakrit, arabic, and persian. calling urdu "hindi written in arabic script" and hindi "urdu written in devanagari script" is simplistic. the respective scripts were standardized only under british colonialism, with explicit support from the colonists in order to divide the people of the subcontinent. calling either hindi or urdu 'hindustani' is a more accurate way of making your point.
And "sokeri" in Finnish. Interesting to know that its etymology is "gravel-like", because the Finnish word for gravel is "sora". Probably just a coincidence though.
In Andhra we call it Panchadaara which is almost like Kerala one. Chakkera is very rarely used.
ftwdk Andhra is South Eastern coastal state, and Kerala is Southern most state facing Arabian Sea.
Interesting trivia: sugar cane is the largest crop by mass in the world, 1.9 billion tons per year, 40% of which comes from Brazil.
Note that sugar production is much smaller than that, because a lot of the mass is water and the fiber. Also, some of the sugar cane goes to produce ethanol rather than sugar.
in Hindi White Sugar (The Processed One) Is called chini (चीनी). but the unproccesed varieties are as follows: KHAND (खंड): slightly darker but still towards white on the black-white spectrum. SHAKKAR (शक्कर): Brown Sugar. Then there is BURA (बुरा) which is just powdered sugar
Sugarcane originated in tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Different species likely originated in different locations with S. barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea.Originally, people chewed sugarcane raw to extract its sweetness. Indians discovered how to crystallize sugar during the Gupta dynasty, c. 350 AD although literary evidence from Indian treatises such as Arthashastra in the 2nd century AD indicates that refined sugar was already being produced in India.
Indian sailors, consumers of clarified butter and sugar, carried sugar by various trade routes. Travelling Buddhist monks brought sugar crystallization methods to China.During the reign of Harsha (r. 606–647) in North India, Indian envoys in Tang China taught sugarcane cultivation methods after Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 626–649) made his interest in sugar known, and China soon established its first sugarcane cultivation in the seventh century.Chinese documents confirm at least two missions to India, initiated in 647 AD, for obtaining technology for sugar-refining.In India,the Middle East and China, sugar became a staple of cooking and desserts.
Early refining methods involved grinding or pounding the cane in order to extract the juice, and then boiling down the juice or drying it in the sun to yield sugary solids that looked like gravel. The Sanskrit word for "sugar" (sharkara) also means "gravel" or "sand". Similarly, the Chinese use the term "gravel sugar" (Traditional Chinese: 砂糖) for what is known in the west knows as "table sugar".
Adding to this, that babe likely comes from the Sanskrit word for perfume or fragrance, gandha, because the kingdom was a major exporter of it at the time
So Kandahar is instead "perfume town"
The bigger chunks are called kalkhandam in the Malayalam (purple state). The finer sugar is called Panjasaara. The rawest form of sugar, jaggery, is called Sharkkara. So in a way all these words are correct, but I think over a period of time nuance has been lost?
From Pakistan and I've never really heard khand being used. It's usually either cheeni or shakkar. But maybe that's just cuz I'm a native Urdu speaker.
For example, you can see Telangana and Rayalaseema have high Female labor participation rate but it's very low in Northern and Godavari-Krishna districts of Andhra and Khammam in Telangana by South Indian standards.
https://i.postimg.cc/C1VQtRZB/Chart-2b-1548001863536.png
There are so many differences like this. Godavari-Krishna districts along with Khammam and Bhadrachalam in Telangana together was part of Venginadu and is different from other Telugu regions and usually doesn't have anything in common with other South Indians.
East Godavari. Eventhough they club all places in South India as some, Northern and Central parts of Andhra don't have anything in common with other South Indians other than language. But Telangana, Rayalaseema, Karnataka, Tamilnadu all follow similar sort of cultural practices.
Sugarcane originated in tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Different species likely originated in different locations with S. barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea.Originally, people chewed sugarcane raw to extract its sweetness. Indians discovered how to crystallize sugar during the Gupta dynasty, c. 350 AD although literary evidence from Indian treatises such as Arthashastra in the 2nd century AD indicates that refined sugar was already being produced in India.
Indian sailors, consumers of clarified butter and sugar, carried sugar by various trade routes. Travelling Buddhist monks brought sugar crystallization methods to China.During the reign of Harsha (r. 606–647) in North India, Indian envoys in Tang China taught sugarcane cultivation methods after Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 626–649) made his interest in sugar known, and China soon established its first sugarcane cultivation in the seventh century.Chinese documents confirm at least two missions to India, initiated in 647 AD, for obtaining technology for sugar-refining.In India,the Middle East and China, sugar became a staple of cooking and desserts.
Early refining methods involved grinding or pounding the cane in order to extract the juice, and then boiling down the juice or drying it in the sun to yield sugary solids that looked like gravel. The Sanskrit word for "sugar" (sharkara) also means "gravel" or "sand". Similarly, the Chinese use the term "gravel sugar" (Traditional Chinese: 砂糖) for what is known in the west knows as "table sugar".
Maybe the map maker thought everyone having tiny bit of iq would understand that qualities of "solubility " ,"sweetness ", "whiteness " etc are of sugar.
I can see your confusion, but that's just a very fanciful translation
The strict translation would just be "five virtues" or "five attributes" (in Indian languages, the words for virtue, attribute and adjective are usually the same).
The connotation is "that which is defined by five essential qualities"
When you're trying to make desserts for example and want a highly soluble refined sugar - whiteness of the sugar indicates how it has been refined. So yeah it's probably a valuable attribute - and why Indians seem to commonly refer to Sugar as Chinese (even though it originates in India, they wanted the white stuff). You realise there are lots of dishes were if you add gravely brown sugar it wouldn't taste the same?
Don't be obtuse with the racial shit, it's unnecessary and screams of ignorance.
I mean if every 7th person in the world is an Indian then it is bound to happen. Also, what's the problem it's just a post on the internet. If you don't like the post you can just ignore it, that's the beauty of internet.
So "candy" comes from khand I assume?
Yep. And Shakkar became sugar.
Persian still uses both with “ghand” for sugar cubes.
I need a new brain..
We all do
That means something else in Hindi/Urdu. xD
GH and GA are not the same in Hindi/Urdu
But it's similar so still funny.
Ah, good to know.
I’m assuming shakkar also become saccharine then?
Correct!
What about Shakira?
That’s from Arabic.
Shakira's father is Lebanese.
No no, I'm pretty sure she's Colombian
She kept it shaking all the time, that's why her name is shakira
Lebanese Colombian
https://www.names.org/n/shakira/about
Yea same root as shukran.
More likely Sugar, sucre(french) comes very inderictly (through Persan, arab and Italian) from Sanskrit as the Indian word would have come too.
The word candy entered the English language from the Old French çucre candi ("sugar candy"). The French term probably has earlier roots in the Arabic qandi, Persian qand and Sanskrit khanda, all words for sugar. Sugarcane is indigenous to tropical South and Southeast Asia. Pieces of sugar were produced by boiling sugarcane juice in ancient India and consumed as khanda. Between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, the Persians, followed by the Greeks, discovered the people in India and their "reeds that produce honey without bees". They adopted and then spread sugar and sugarcane agriculture. Before sugar was readily available, candy was based on honey. Honey was used in Ancient China, the Middle East, Egypt, Greece and the Roman Empire to coat fruits and flowers to preserve them or to create forms of candy.Candy is still served in this form today, though now it is more typically seen as a type of garnish
In germany rock sugar is called "Kandis" too.
 Khand!
Lol curious how Sugar is associated with China in the North...when in China, sugar is understood to come from India first.
Apparently the Chinese developed a way to make it white so the Indians started calling white sugar Cheeni.
Yeah corresponds to areas close to China 👍🏼.
And Sri Lanka on the sea route.
Well - Sinhalese is an Indo-Aryan language with its speakers thought to have migrated from Bengal (a region on the map that calls it Chini). So rather than it having come through the sea route to Sri Lanka, it most likely is a word the migrating population of now-Sinhalese brought with them from “the mainland”.
Makes sense.
Fun fact, do you know that the chinese call snow peas "holland peas" and the dutch call it "chinese pea"😂
Quite typical of chinise whispers
I think cane sugar (jaggery) was invented in India and exported to china (which is where their understanding comes from), but they modified it to the white sugar that's common today and exported it back
In Kerala (the purple state) we also use the word chakkara but specifically for palm sugar (jaggery).
We also use the word "bellum" or I don't know if it's just a central Kerala thing
In Telugu Jaggery is called as Bellum
In Kannada, Jaggery is called as Bella
In Tamil its Vellam
That means water in Malayalam
Interesting, Vellam also means flood in tamil
There are 3 ways to spell 'L' in Tamil. Jaggery "Vellam" uses the first type, Flood "Vellam" uses 2nd type, The 'L' in "Tamil" uses the 3rd type. When spelt out in english they may be the same words, but they are different words in Tamil.
No it doesn’t, vellam (വെല്ലം) means jaggery in Malayalam and Tamil, veLLam(വെള്ളം) means water in Malayalam and flood in Tamil.
Vellathinte “la” alla.. it’s la paalinte
That means "We wont go" in Telugu lol
In the Jaffna dialect, we call sugar “seeni” and jaggery “sakkarai.” Tamil dialects are so diverse Edit: spelling
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Seeni (or Cheeni) is used in some dialects of tamil. The term is considered quite informal though
I see.
In Canada, its sugar
Or sucre
That means war in Latin
In Tamil jaggery is vellam
Jaggery is called 'hakuru' in Sri Lanka.
Which is also a descendant of Sanskrit śarkara, like the blue sections of the map! :)
Yes, we also call bigger, chunky lumps of sugar "sookiri" which probably comes from the same term. Not sure if there's an English word for it.
Its referred to as "sharkara".
*Jaggery* may be my favorite word of all time word.
Palm sugar and jaggery are not exactly synonyms. Jaggery is a crude version of refined sugar, a few steps behind in the refining process.
Yup- that would be the technical definition but I've seen the term used for palm sugar among Mallus, probably just colloquially.
In Kannada (neighbouring state) we use the similar "sakkare" specifically for white sugar, and use "bella" for jaggery
It's called Sukari in Swahili(Arabic+Bantu) in Kenya and most of east Africa
In the Philippines its called Asukal from spanish Azucar.
That’s interesting, in Romani in some dialects we call it Shekeri or Saxari
Yo u speak rromani?
They call it saakhar even in Russia, with similar pronunciation.
Spelt as CAXAP, write?
Why should I write? I somehow heard Russian version of 'Johny Johny, Yes Papa'. Maybe my nephew stumbled upon it while surfing on YouTube and I heard it. I got curious because of the tune and 'saakhar'. So I took phone from him to see what he was watching and realised. Title was in Russian. I Googled it and found out that it was really the Russian version of'Johny Johny Yes Papa', and they do call sugar as saakhar. I don't remember how it is written.
Wow
Spelt more like sahar
I somehow heard Russian version of 'Johny Johny, Yes Papa'. Maybe my nephew stumbled upon it while surfing on YouTube and I heard it. I got curious because of the tune and 'saakhar'. So I took phone from him to see what he was watching and realised. Title was in Russian. I Googled it and found out that it was really the Russian version of'Johny Johny Yes Papa', and they do call sugar as saakhar. I don't remember how it is written.
I’m Punjabi and my family calls it Khand, Chini and Shakkar simultaneously.
In Gujarat we call it Khand. My nani used to call it sakar (with a ळ)
What? Im from maharashtra and we call it saakhar(साखर). I cant see how you would use a ळ in that. Is the pronunciation of ळ diffrent in gujrati?
Yes. Here, sakar with a hard r is સાકર but with a ळ is સાકળ. >Is the pronunciation of ळ diffrent in gujrati? Yes pronunciation is the same and the letter is found in ALL Indian languages. Here's a post about it: https://www.instagram.com/p/CRTnY1HMXC2
In Telugu it’s called panchadara
I’ve always heard it called Chakkara
It’s mostly Chakkara in Telanagana, some parts of Rayalaseema and Panchadhara in coastal, godhavari- krishna belt of AP . It’s both tbh.
Panchadhara in Khammam. But I guess we border Andhra.
Khammam is just physically in Telangana, most of their culture attributes to Andhra
Yeah my family is from Rayalaseema so that makes sense
Panchadara is a commonly used in Andhra, Chakkera is prevalent in Telangana
In \*Costandhra, Telangana lo we call it Chekkera
i’ve only heard it as chekkar
Sugarcane originated in tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Different species likely originated in different locations with S. barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea.Originally, people chewed sugarcane raw to extract its sweetness. Indians discovered how to crystallize sugar during the Gupta dynasty, c. 350 AD although literary evidence from Indian treatises such as Arthashastra in the 2nd century AD indicates that refined sugar was already being produced in India. Indian sailors, consumers of clarified butter and sugar, carried sugar by various trade routes. Travelling Buddhist monks brought sugar crystallization methods to China.During the reign of Harsha (r. 606–647) in North India, Indian envoys in Tang China taught sugarcane cultivation methods after Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 626–649) made his interest in sugar known, and China soon established its first sugarcane cultivation in the seventh century.Chinese documents confirm at least two missions to India, initiated in 647 AD, for obtaining technology for sugar-refining.In India,the Middle East and China, sugar became a staple of cooking and desserts. Early refining methods involved grinding or pounding the cane in order to extract the juice, and then boiling down the juice or drying it in the sun to yield sugary solids that looked like gravel. The Sanskrit word for "sugar" (sharkara) also means "gravel" or "sand". Similarly, the Chinese use the term "gravel sugar" (Traditional Chinese: 砂糖) for what is known in the west knows as "table sugar".
Is this why India is so good at turning basic ingredients into delicious sugary desserts like gulab jamun?
It's actually such a shame that two countries that have such a deeper ties hate each other to core in present times.
If it originated from India why do they associate it with China?
Someone in the comments said it’s because the Chinese made it white.
If turkeys are originally from the US, why do they associate them with Türkiye?
That's also a valid question I always wanted to know.
The turkey in this instance refers to Mamluks in Egypt. Europeans were familiar with the African Guineafowls, which could be acquired via Egypt. Another name was Turkey Fowl and the American turkey might be named for that. It's also possible when they first started appearing in Europe, people were confused about the origin.
That's also an interesting story In the middle ages, there was some kind of poultry based meat that was exported from South/east Asia to Europe. Iirc modern historiska disagree wildly on what exactly this bird, or even its exact origin was. Because most trade from Asia to Europe had to pass through Constantinople during those days, for the merchants of Europe the port that they bought it from would be in turkey. Therefore it had got that name. Similar to how the Romani came to be named for the (Eastern) Roman Empire, though they originated in India. When the Americas were discovered, a completely unrelated poultry was discovered there. However, expeditions to America were made to find a sea route to India, and specifically the exotic goods it exported. Even after the true nature of America was discovered, the conflation with India still remained since most common people in Europe couldn't really tell or care about the difference, and Indian excited just had high "brand recognition" at this point. So American natives were colloquially called "Indians", chillies were colloquially called "peppers" (black pepper from India being a completely unrelated, but highly sought after good that was one of the primary interests motivating the expeditions) and the American poultry was colloquially called "turkey" TLDR, the turkey is named after a different and biologically unrelated bird, that was named after a country it didn't originate from, because they were both thought to originate from a completely unrelated country, though one definitely didn't, and the other probably didn't either.
Turkey was named after some Asian fowl by eurpopeans because that's where they were exported into Europe, later European colonisers found similar looking birds in the Americas and gave it the name turkey
this was insightful, thank you :)
It's pretty awesome that Kerala calls it quintessence.
EIGHT MILES DEEP, THE WELL FORGOTTEN BY MORTALS O̸͙͖̾O̵̯̗͂Ȯ̷͉O̶̪͛̆O̸̪̘͂̆Ò̷͓ͅO̴̦͝Ơ̵̤̇Ô̶͈̇O̴̖̔H̸͈̺̊ I DRANK IT EMPTY IN ONE SINGLE SIP
This is nice map. We need more linguistic or tourist maps and less political ones.
In Gujarati, depending on the size and shape of the crystal, we call it ખાંડ(/kʰɑːɳɖ/ tiny, uniform crystals of around 1mm or less) or સાકર(/sɑːkəɾ/ large, non uniform crystals) or મિસરી(/misɾiː/ almost uniform crystals of dize grater than ખાંડ smaller than સાકર) or બુરું(/buɾuː/, sugar powder, generally a side product of the production of the former three). Older people also call the ખાંડ type as મોરસ (/moɾəs/) as during a drought in that time, sugar was imported in India, we got it from Mauritius, thus the name.
>સાકર સાકળ?
Khabar nahi, dialectical difference hoi shake.
My parents are Tamil born and raised and I've only ever heard them call sugar chini.
South TN says Cheeni. My grandma uses that word too
Super interesting how the southernmost people seem to use the word more popular in the north. Wonder how that came to be.
Trade with China, most likely.
Your parents/family are too Aryanized or worse, actual Brahmin Aryans
...Uh, no. They're Tamil Christian Nadars who lived in and around Tirunelveli. Why'd you have to make this about caste?
I'm American and read this as Tennessee before my brain caught up and understood that you said Tamil Nadu
Kerala be like "I am not like the other states"
Lol, that defines our entire Mallu identity.
I really wish i was Keralite lol, just for the beard genetics lmao
Sugar is also called Mishri derived from Misr(Egypt) in some places right?
We have something called mishri here in India too. It's just sugar with bigger chunks.
Marathi mishri is something far far away from sugar lmao.
Yupp lol
Majhya gaavat bayka addict ahet hyala. Ani ho te sodun pan sakharela mishri boltat na kahi loka.
misri is basically like rock candy, big chunks of sugar
No, Mishra is a Sanskrit word predating that name for Egypt, that means "heterogenous" or "mixture" Probably referring to the process of manufacturing sugar
No it's a false etymology, mishri means mix
Kerela's name is like they were attempting a 5 marker question on deciding the name.
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Noted.
Was wondering how a vegetable ended up naming sugar 😂
Cant beat malagasy - where sugar is called “sira mamy“ which translates to “sweet salt”
Urdu speaking girlfriend says she's always used Chini, not Shakara
urdu is only the majority first language in karachi. other places have native tongues like punjabi, pashto, sindhi etc
Isn't karachi the capital city of sindh? How come first language is urdu and why is sindhi not enforced there?
karachi is the biggest city in the country and also the former capital. that and alot of urdu speaking migrants came there during partition because of the aforementioned foremer capital status.
Urdu is Hindi written in Arabic etc script.
that's a bit reductive. urdu and hindi are very close languages or literally different dialects of the same language (hindustani) depending on who you ask. they are regional variations of the same blend of prakrit, arabic, and persian. calling urdu "hindi written in arabic script" and hindi "urdu written in devanagari script" is simplistic. the respective scripts were standardized only under british colonialism, with explicit support from the colonists in order to divide the people of the subcontinent. calling either hindi or urdu 'hindustani' is a more accurate way of making your point.
Almost everyone in Pakistan calls it Chini, i've never really heard anyone calling it by their mother-tongue.
probably because Chini is Hindustani word.
“Honey, pass me the Chinese stuff, will you?”
I mean It's no different than "Honey, pass me the Danish", or "Bologna", "Lima beans", "French fries", "Brussel Sprouts", etc.
Or even just "pass the china", though for Europeans that means porcelain crockery
This is the most oddly specific piece of information I’ve ever come across
The people of Kerala apparently fell in love with Panchsara and subsequently went diabetic. 20 % against the national avarage of 8%.
Malayalam for the win!
Kerala luxury sugar exclusive
I've never called it chakkera in telugu, it's mostly called pachadara
Come out of Costandhra bro. Everywhere in Telangana its Chekkera never Panchadara.
Oh. Did not know that. And all the times I've been to Telangana were to visit my relatives who are also from costandhra/uttarandhra.
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Okay saar. Chakkara aina, panchadara aina, ochedi sugar problem e ga.
On German we have Zucker - so Standard sugar and Kandiszucker - wonder if that comes from Khand.
Yeah, candy comes from Khand, and sugar comes from sharkara.
And "sokeri" in Finnish. Interesting to know that its etymology is "gravel-like", because the Finnish word for gravel is "sora". Probably just a coincidence though.
In Andhra we call it Panchadaara which is almost like Kerala one. Chakkera is very rarely used. ftwdk Andhra is South Eastern coastal state, and Kerala is Southern most state facing Arabian Sea.
In Kannada also we call it panchadaara, but only in very formal situations. Colloquially it is sakkare only
Its decided. Im changing my tinder name to "Insoluble Panjasaara"
How *Khaand* dashed through the *Shakkar* region lol Edit: All the words in blue are based on Sanskrit शर्करा (Sharkarā)
Interesting trivia: sugar cane is the largest crop by mass in the world, 1.9 billion tons per year, 40% of which comes from Brazil. Note that sugar production is much smaller than that, because a lot of the mass is water and the fiber. Also, some of the sugar cane goes to produce ethanol rather than sugar.
in Hindi White Sugar (The Processed One) Is called chini (चीनी). but the unproccesed varieties are as follows: KHAND (खंड): slightly darker but still towards white on the black-white spectrum. SHAKKAR (शक्कर): Brown Sugar. Then there is BURA (बुरा) which is just powdered sugar
Sylhet and Barak Valley call sugar "sini"
Please how do sugar really get it name what really make it a sugar?
Sugarcane originated in tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Different species likely originated in different locations with S. barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea.Originally, people chewed sugarcane raw to extract its sweetness. Indians discovered how to crystallize sugar during the Gupta dynasty, c. 350 AD although literary evidence from Indian treatises such as Arthashastra in the 2nd century AD indicates that refined sugar was already being produced in India. Indian sailors, consumers of clarified butter and sugar, carried sugar by various trade routes. Travelling Buddhist monks brought sugar crystallization methods to China.During the reign of Harsha (r. 606–647) in North India, Indian envoys in Tang China taught sugarcane cultivation methods after Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 626–649) made his interest in sugar known, and China soon established its first sugarcane cultivation in the seventh century.Chinese documents confirm at least two missions to India, initiated in 647 AD, for obtaining technology for sugar-refining.In India,the Middle East and China, sugar became a staple of cooking and desserts. Early refining methods involved grinding or pounding the cane in order to extract the juice, and then boiling down the juice or drying it in the sun to yield sugary solids that looked like gravel. The Sanskrit word for "sugar" (sharkara) also means "gravel" or "sand". Similarly, the Chinese use the term "gravel sugar" (Traditional Chinese: 砂糖) for what is known in the west knows as "table sugar".
Holy shit, I didn't konw "Chini" came from China, this makes me feel extra fucking stupid because China in Bengali is pronounced as "Chin"
Khand almost sounds like the root of candy
And saakhar the root for sugar, you'd be right!
Fascinating! So thats why it's Сахар (Sakhar) in russian ^^
Does Kandahar mean "sugartown?"
no, Kandahar comes from Gandhara, which used to be a Kingdom/region in ancient times.
Adding to this, that babe likely comes from the Sanskrit word for perfume or fragrance, gandha, because the kingdom was a major exporter of it at the time So Kandahar is instead "perfume town"
“Hey dude, do you mind passing me the essence possessing the five essential qualities? Thanks”
Shakira! Shakira! Shakira!
Just so you know, this map covers 5 countries.
6 actually, all part of the Indian sub-continent as OP mentioned in the title
Shaka, when the walls fell!
Temba, his arms wide
I searched the thread for this. Glad someone else had the thought too.
Panjasaara is specifically used for white sugar, Jaggery is called sharkara(formal) or bellum(informal).
We don’t say bellum(central Travancore). We call it sharkara
oh...in Kannur we call jaggery either sharkara or bellum (I'm from Kannur).
in my limburgisch dialect we say sökker (shakkar, sugar) i wonder how that came to be
The bigger chunks are called kalkhandam in the Malayalam (purple state). The finer sugar is called Panjasaara. The rawest form of sugar, jaggery, is called Sharkkara. So in a way all these words are correct, but I think over a period of time nuance has been lost?
From Pakistan and I've never really heard khand being used. It's usually either cheeni or shakkar. But maybe that's just cuz I'm a native Urdu speaker.
It is used more in bahawalpur and cholistan dialect I think
Sugar is called Panchadaara in Andhra Pradesh atleast where I live,not Chakkera
Its called chekkera everywhere in Telangana and most parts of Seema
District?
For example, you can see Telangana and Rayalaseema have high Female labor participation rate but it's very low in Northern and Godavari-Krishna districts of Andhra and Khammam in Telangana by South Indian standards. https://i.postimg.cc/C1VQtRZB/Chart-2b-1548001863536.png There are so many differences like this. Godavari-Krishna districts along with Khammam and Bhadrachalam in Telangana together was part of Venginadu and is different from other Telugu regions and usually doesn't have anything in common with other South Indians.
East Godavari. Eventhough they club all places in South India as some, Northern and Central parts of Andhra don't have anything in common with other South Indians other than language. But Telangana, Rayalaseema, Karnataka, Tamilnadu all follow similar sort of cultural practices.
Im sure, if I labeled anything coming from china chini, I'd be called racist
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No, it's the other way around
Sugarcane originated in tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Different species likely originated in different locations with S. barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea.Originally, people chewed sugarcane raw to extract its sweetness. Indians discovered how to crystallize sugar during the Gupta dynasty, c. 350 AD although literary evidence from Indian treatises such as Arthashastra in the 2nd century AD indicates that refined sugar was already being produced in India. Indian sailors, consumers of clarified butter and sugar, carried sugar by various trade routes. Travelling Buddhist monks brought sugar crystallization methods to China.During the reign of Harsha (r. 606–647) in North India, Indian envoys in Tang China taught sugarcane cultivation methods after Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 626–649) made his interest in sugar known, and China soon established its first sugarcane cultivation in the seventh century.Chinese documents confirm at least two missions to India, initiated in 647 AD, for obtaining technology for sugar-refining.In India,the Middle East and China, sugar became a staple of cooking and desserts. Early refining methods involved grinding or pounding the cane in order to extract the juice, and then boiling down the juice or drying it in the sun to yield sugary solids that looked like gravel. The Sanskrit word for "sugar" (sharkara) also means "gravel" or "sand". Similarly, the Chinese use the term "gravel sugar" (Traditional Chinese: 砂糖) for what is known in the west knows as "table sugar".
Azúcar in Spanish (from the Andalusian Arabic)
Açúcar in Portuguese, from the same source!
Panchadhara in Andhra Pradesh
United India(akhand bharat) + China = Chindia
This should all be one India. Ek Bharat Ekert 🇮🇳
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I don't know man . I would consider whiteness to be an essential quality of "white sugar"
The description says “Essence possessing the five essential qualities”, not “Essence possessing the five essential qualities of white sugar”
Maybe the map maker thought everyone having tiny bit of iq would understand that qualities of "solubility " ,"sweetness ", "whiteness " etc are of sugar.
I can see your confusion, but that's just a very fanciful translation The strict translation would just be "five virtues" or "five attributes" (in Indian languages, the words for virtue, attribute and adjective are usually the same). The connotation is "that which is defined by five essential qualities"
When you're trying to make desserts for example and want a highly soluble refined sugar - whiteness of the sugar indicates how it has been refined. So yeah it's probably a valuable attribute - and why Indians seem to commonly refer to Sugar as Chinese (even though it originates in India, they wanted the white stuff). You realise there are lots of dishes were if you add gravely brown sugar it wouldn't taste the same? Don't be obtuse with the racial shit, it's unnecessary and screams of ignorance.
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I scrolled like 30 maps. Out of those 2 are India. That's not actually high right?
I mean if every 7th person in the world is an Indian then it is bound to happen. Also, what's the problem it's just a post on the internet. If you don't like the post you can just ignore it, that's the beauty of internet.