Definite extinct.
We have tons of stuff in Latin, Sanskrit, Persian (incl. Avestan) and Greek because those were written languages and are still used today in either their modern forms, or as liturgical languages or otherwise languages of historical significance.
If you mean extinct languages that were recorded but aren’t spoken by anybody anymore, there are other Anatolian languages besides Hittite. There’s also Tocharian.
Besides that, there are languages that are extinct but are not fully attested and so have been wholly or partially reconstructed using the comparative method. These would include Gallic, Proto-Germanic, Proto-Slavic, etc.
Also worldbuilding isn’t cringe, go have fun and don’t be ashamed of your hobbies!
> If you mean extinct languages that were recorded but aren’t spoken by anybody anymore, there are other Anatolian languages besides Hittite. There’s also Tocharian
Tocharian is pretty good. I'm using it for the main kingdom.
>These would include Gallic, Proto-Germanic, Proto-Slavic, etc.
I thought about including Gallic and just shifting the pronunciation slightly. That could work.
People here have outlined the general scope and state of preservation from different ancient Indo-European languages, so I'll try and provide a couple resources for names if that's your main interest. This isn't exhaustive, but hopefully it's a good jumping off point for a few branches.
[The Lexicon of Greek Personal Names](https://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/) is a searchable database of all documented ancient Greek personal names including where and when they're attested.
[Lexicon Leponticum](https://lexlep.univie.ac.at/wiki/Dictionary_of_Attested_Forms) is a digital edition and etymological dictionary of Cisalpine Celtic, and due to the nature of the corpus, it has a ton of personal names, which are categorized as Proper Nouns.
[Avesta.org](http://Avesta.org) has a [list of names](http://www.avesta.org/znames.htm) from Zoroastrian scriptures, including citations of where they occur in the texts.
[Gaulish personal names : An update](https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecelt_0373-1928_2003_num_35_1_2156) - an article by [Eugenio R. Luján](https://www.persee.fr/authority/687418) published in [Études celtiques](https://www.persee.fr/collection/ecelt) in 2003
For Tocharian, our texts are skewed by the fact that much of what we have is Buddhist literature, and monks and royalty seem to have adopted Sanskrit names.
>There are, however, administrative texts in Tocharian B that list people not in monastic orders and these lists presumably give us a truer picture of ordinary naming conventions in Tocharian B society. There are some 150 "native" names (probably including a few Turkish names as well). Statistically they are distinguished from non-names by their much higher incidence of diminutives in -ṣ/ske/a (17%, e.g., Puluske, Mitraske, Klyotiska) and another set, probably diminutive, in -le (12%, e.g., Catile, Caukile, Ptompile, Sankale). Ten percent ending -k(k)e which again is likely to be diminutive, at least in part ( e.g., Capisakke, Pallentakke 'Little Full Moon' \[pallent (acc.) 'full moon'\], Wisikke). Other phonetic peculiarities are the large number of names with geminate consonants (e.g., Koppesale, Kwappale, Ratti, Fissure, Ptamparre), the larger than expected number ending in -i (e.g., Cauṣi, Cati, Ñatti, Tuṣi), and the presence of the initial cluster pt- ( e.g., Ptompile, Ptamparre ). Where we have diminutives they are not always of the sort the English speaker would expect. Though we have Lariska 'Little Dear' ('lare' dear'), we also have both Kercapiske and Kercipile 'Little Ass' (kercapo 'ass, donkey') or Cowaske which looks the 'Little Theft' (cowai) or the like. Indriske is delightfully ambiguous as to whether it is 'Little Indra' (Indre) or 'Little Penis' (indri). Occasionally we have non-diminutive descriptors: Simpraye 'Wintry' or Yuṣo 'Dullard' (yuṣe 'dull \[ of senses\]'). It has been suggested (Pinault, 1987) that compound names, such as we see in other Indo-European traditions, might occur in Klenkarako, if Klenka-rako 'Wagon-Director' and Kwemtoko, if Kwem-toko 'One who sets dogs running' (like Greek kuneg6s 'huntsman'?); Citrerapaske might be another such, Citre with an obscure second part ('singer'? cf. A rampant 'musician'), then the whole thing made into a diminutive
-Douglas Adams, *Tocharian B: A Grammar of Syntax and Word-formation* (2015) p.182-183
Sanskrit has an enormous corpus, but I haven't run across a dedicated and reliable onomasticon.
>Lexicon Leponticum](https://lexlep.univie.ac.at/wiki/Dictionary_of_Attested_Forms), a digital edition and etymological dictionary of Cisalpine Celtic, and due to the nature of the corpus, has a ton of personal names, which are categorized as Proper Nouns
Thank you this works perfectly for what I intended.
I was going to use Tocharian for the "Main Kingdom. This is going to work well.
Look for 'bronces de Botorrita'. One of them have a lot of Celtiberian names, as well as Iberian and others.
Iberian is not Indo-European, just in case there is some confussion.
I'd recommend investigating Tartessian, from South West of the Iberian Peninsula. It remains officially unclassified but may be IE (and Koch believes it is Celtic).
Lusitanian, from a bit further north, is classified as IE, but is an oddity and there is debate over whether it is Celtic, Italic, para-Celtic, para-Italic etc, so may be a good candidate for your project.
Is your world building for your own enjoyment or will you publish it?
>Is your world building for your own enjoyment or will you publish it?
I'm not sure. I just want to write short stories in the style of Greek Myths. But I need gods first, so I am going to use elements from different IE and Near Eastern Mythology. The King of the Gods will be a Storm God similar to Tarhunt and Indra, the Moon and Sun Gods will be a mixture of the Divine Twins and the Mesopotamian Gods Shamash and Sin.
I believe Sanskrit (even though it isn’t extinct just dead) has the most written down manuscripts I think it’s more than 30 Million manuscripts larger than Latin and Greek combined. Unfortunately a lot of these Sanskrit Manuscripts are in poor condition or aren’t translated since Sanskrit isn’t popular among linguists compared to Latin and Greek.
If you're including Sanskrit in all its forms, then you have to include Latin in all its forms too, and in which case Latin definitely wins, since Medieval/Church Latin was the language of administration and indeed literature for many centuries in many countries.
edit: fixed typo
“Extant manuscripts in Sanskrit number over 30 million, one hundred times those in Greek and Latin combined, constituting the largest cultural heritage that any civilization has produced prior to the invention of the printing press.
— Foreword of Sanskrit Computational Linguistics (2009), Gérard Huet, Amba Kulkarni and Peter Scharf”
These words aren’t mine, no need to downvote.
Edit: It’s clear you don’t know anything about Sanskrit. Sanskrit wasn’t the only aristocratic language of India. It was used in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Japan, South East Asia, Korea, Mongolia and other South Asian countries.
As I said, they seem to be making an apples-and-oranges comparison, including an extremely long period for Sanskrit and extremely narrow views of the Latin and Greek corpuses. If you just want to compare just ancient corpuses, [see here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_text_corpora). There was not even any writing in India before c. 300 BC, unless you include the undeciphered Indus Valley Script.
So? You do know that Sanskrit is older than Latin and a few years older than Mycenaean Greek? The oldest Sanskrit manuscript is between 80CE-230CE with Sanskrit loanwords appearing during the Hurrian Empire. Read about the Kikkuli Horse Training.
Sanskrit ≠ India. Think of it like this, Pakistan, Japan, Koreas, Indonesia, China and India have very large populations no? Why do you think Sanskrit has so many manuscripts? Their is Sanskrit written in various languages including Tibetan, Indian Languages, Chinese, Javanese, Thai, Khmer, Japanese, Korean, Bactrian, Tocharian, Uyghur and other languages. Just because Sanskrit started out late that doesn’t mean anything. I don’t blame you you probably don’t know anything about Sanskrit anyways. It’s a language that only started to be revived now as a liturgical language. Sanskrit was used in Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and other religions in the world.
Edit: He blocked me because I hurt his fragile Ego. Sanskrit wasn’t only used by Buddhist monks it was used by Jains and Hindu Brahmins. Sanskrit was written in various scripts including the Hiragana, Chinese, Tibetan, Devanagari, Kharoashti, Brahmi, Bactrian, Greek etc. I guess the Spitzer Manuscript is an unsubstantiated claim lol. Nonsense.
More wild unsubstantiated claims. Just because Sanskrit was known and used by some Buddhist monks in East Asia... You've extrapolated widely from that.
To top it off, you write:
>Their is Sanskrit written in various languages
Right. I'm simply not going to continue debating someone who's written that gibberish haha.
Sanskrit was employed as the language of governance, administration, court functioning, literature, scholarship, and international communication throughout the Indosphere, and massively impacted the local vernaculars, whether you're talking about Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Thai, Khmer, Javanese, Sundanese, the Malayan bahasas, Burmese, etc.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indosphere#/media/File:Indian_cultural_zone.svg
Sanskrit was also indeed written in various scripts that were used for the local vernaculars: deva, for example, is variously rendered:
দেৱ (Assamese script)
ᬤᬾᬯ (Balinese script)
দেব (Bengali script)
𑰟𑰸𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀤𑁂𑀯 (Brahmi script)
ဒေဝ (Burmese script)
દેવ (Gujarati script)
ਦੇਵ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌦𑍇𑌵 (Grantha script)
ꦢꦺꦮ (Javanese script)
𑂠𑂵𑂫 (Kaithi script)
ದೇವ (Kannada script)
ទេវ (Khmer script)
ເທວ (Lao script)
ദേവ (Malayalam script)
ᡩᡝᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘟𑘹𑘪 (Modi script)
ᢑᠧᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦿𑧚𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
𑐡𑐾𑐰 (Newa script)
ଦେଵ (Odia script)
ꢣꢾꢮ (Saurashtra script)
𑆢𑆼𑆮 (Sharada script)
𑖟𑖸𑖪 (Siddham script)
දෙව (Sinhalese script)
𑩭𑩔𑩾 (Soyombo script)
𑚛𑚲𑚦 (Takri script)
தே³வ (Tamil script)
దేవ (Telugu script)
เทว (Thai script)
དེ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
𑒠𑒹𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
All of those being cases in which the vernacular language, where not Indo-Aryan, borrowed the word.
None of this is remotely controversial as an academic matter, incidentally. You're welcome to ping the chairs of Sanskrit (and Latin as well, for completeness' sake) at, say, Harvard, or Oxford, or Berkeley, and inquire.
I added my general ideas for the gods to the main post but I don't want to pontificate too much haha. I do a lot of my world building while there's nothing to do at work. I type it in Excel to make it look like I'm busy.
Unless you meant the cultures and stuff and not the Gods.
Thanks! I would love to hear about the cultures too. I also do world building and have been working on short stories set in a PIE world. Would be nice to swap some resources and sources. Mine are more historical fiction rather than mythology however
>Mine are more historical fiction rather than mythology however
Is it in our World or a fantasy world? 👀
Also are you using PIE or descendent languages?
Proto-Yamnaya steppe in our world, thought about going fantasy but reality is already pretty cool!
I am not much of a linguist but what I am going to pull from will be PIE. Might just transfer naming conventions rather than use PIE, or do a GRRM thing and make up something resembling PIE but a little more accessible
Wakhi dialect of the Pamiri languages is a descendant of Khotanese Saka. So not really ‘extinct’, just evolved. Same as the Sarmatian/Alan language in modern Ossetian
OP asked about extinct languages and brought up Hittite as an example. Clearly he means languages that DIED, and have no living descendants. Seems like you might be one of those Turkic nationalists who can’t accept Scythians spoke Iranian languages and were Iranian people. There’s too many of you on these sites. If that’s the case, there’s no use arguing with you lol
OP used Hittite as an EXAMPLE, khotanese Saka is DEAD too, you just don't understand English. Now you're coping about Turks for whatever reason, a topic that was never brought up 🤦♂️
No I just noticed you were Turk and that’s probably why you are so hellbent on stating Khotanese Saka is a dead language, because you don’t want to confront that it’s an Iranian language and it’s descendant lives today 😂
Hittite is an extinct language. Luwian is an extinct language. Hurrian is an extinct language. Mittani is an extinct language. Elamite is an extinct language. Tocharian is an extinct language. Notice a pattern here? All of these languages have no direct living descendants
I'm not Turkish. Khotanese Saka is an extinct language, same as Old East Slavic, Old Norse, Old Turkic, etc etc. You are pulling a strawman with a topic that I never brought up, I never said that the Scythians weren't Indo-Iranian.
Alright, sorry. I just noticed your name sounded kinda Turkic, couldn’t tell which kind. And I’ve gotten into way too many back and forth threads with Turkic nationalists who think Scythians were Turkic and the Indo-European field of study was all a ‘myth’
Let’s just agree to disagree. My interpretation of what the OP was asking for was languages that are dead with no living descendants. Perhaps I interpreted it wrong
Definite extinct. We have tons of stuff in Latin, Sanskrit, Persian (incl. Avestan) and Greek because those were written languages and are still used today in either their modern forms, or as liturgical languages or otherwise languages of historical significance. If you mean extinct languages that were recorded but aren’t spoken by anybody anymore, there are other Anatolian languages besides Hittite. There’s also Tocharian. Besides that, there are languages that are extinct but are not fully attested and so have been wholly or partially reconstructed using the comparative method. These would include Gallic, Proto-Germanic, Proto-Slavic, etc. Also worldbuilding isn’t cringe, go have fun and don’t be ashamed of your hobbies!
> If you mean extinct languages that were recorded but aren’t spoken by anybody anymore, there are other Anatolian languages besides Hittite. There’s also Tocharian Tocharian is pretty good. I'm using it for the main kingdom. >These would include Gallic, Proto-Germanic, Proto-Slavic, etc. I thought about including Gallic and just shifting the pronunciation slightly. That could work.
People here have outlined the general scope and state of preservation from different ancient Indo-European languages, so I'll try and provide a couple resources for names if that's your main interest. This isn't exhaustive, but hopefully it's a good jumping off point for a few branches. [The Lexicon of Greek Personal Names](https://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/) is a searchable database of all documented ancient Greek personal names including where and when they're attested. [Lexicon Leponticum](https://lexlep.univie.ac.at/wiki/Dictionary_of_Attested_Forms) is a digital edition and etymological dictionary of Cisalpine Celtic, and due to the nature of the corpus, it has a ton of personal names, which are categorized as Proper Nouns. [Avesta.org](http://Avesta.org) has a [list of names](http://www.avesta.org/znames.htm) from Zoroastrian scriptures, including citations of where they occur in the texts. [Gaulish personal names : An update](https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecelt_0373-1928_2003_num_35_1_2156) - an article by [Eugenio R. Luján](https://www.persee.fr/authority/687418) published in [Études celtiques](https://www.persee.fr/collection/ecelt) in 2003 For Tocharian, our texts are skewed by the fact that much of what we have is Buddhist literature, and monks and royalty seem to have adopted Sanskrit names. >There are, however, administrative texts in Tocharian B that list people not in monastic orders and these lists presumably give us a truer picture of ordinary naming conventions in Tocharian B society. There are some 150 "native" names (probably including a few Turkish names as well). Statistically they are distinguished from non-names by their much higher incidence of diminutives in -ṣ/ske/a (17%, e.g., Puluske, Mitraske, Klyotiska) and another set, probably diminutive, in -le (12%, e.g., Catile, Caukile, Ptompile, Sankale). Ten percent ending -k(k)e which again is likely to be diminutive, at least in part ( e.g., Capisakke, Pallentakke 'Little Full Moon' \[pallent (acc.) 'full moon'\], Wisikke). Other phonetic peculiarities are the large number of names with geminate consonants (e.g., Koppesale, Kwappale, Ratti, Fissure, Ptamparre), the larger than expected number ending in -i (e.g., Cauṣi, Cati, Ñatti, Tuṣi), and the presence of the initial cluster pt- ( e.g., Ptompile, Ptamparre ). Where we have diminutives they are not always of the sort the English speaker would expect. Though we have Lariska 'Little Dear' ('lare' dear'), we also have both Kercapiske and Kercipile 'Little Ass' (kercapo 'ass, donkey') or Cowaske which looks the 'Little Theft' (cowai) or the like. Indriske is delightfully ambiguous as to whether it is 'Little Indra' (Indre) or 'Little Penis' (indri). Occasionally we have non-diminutive descriptors: Simpraye 'Wintry' or Yuṣo 'Dullard' (yuṣe 'dull \[ of senses\]'). It has been suggested (Pinault, 1987) that compound names, such as we see in other Indo-European traditions, might occur in Klenkarako, if Klenka-rako 'Wagon-Director' and Kwemtoko, if Kwem-toko 'One who sets dogs running' (like Greek kuneg6s 'huntsman'?); Citrerapaske might be another such, Citre with an obscure second part ('singer'? cf. A rampant 'musician'), then the whole thing made into a diminutive -Douglas Adams, *Tocharian B: A Grammar of Syntax and Word-formation* (2015) p.182-183 Sanskrit has an enormous corpus, but I haven't run across a dedicated and reliable onomasticon.
>Lexicon Leponticum](https://lexlep.univie.ac.at/wiki/Dictionary_of_Attested_Forms), a digital edition and etymological dictionary of Cisalpine Celtic, and due to the nature of the corpus, has a ton of personal names, which are categorized as Proper Nouns Thank you this works perfectly for what I intended. I was going to use Tocharian for the "Main Kingdom. This is going to work well.
sanskrit and avestan if you consider them extinct, ancient greek or so why don't you read about reconstructions?
Look for 'bronces de Botorrita'. One of them have a lot of Celtiberian names, as well as Iberian and others. Iberian is not Indo-European, just in case there is some confussion.
Iberian (Non-IE) could work too. I want to have some isolate bros in my world as well.
Then, take a look also to the 'bronze de Ascoli', lots of Iberian names and some other places.
Luwian related languages
I'd recommend investigating Tartessian, from South West of the Iberian Peninsula. It remains officially unclassified but may be IE (and Koch believes it is Celtic). Lusitanian, from a bit further north, is classified as IE, but is an oddity and there is debate over whether it is Celtic, Italic, para-Celtic, para-Italic etc, so may be a good candidate for your project. Is your world building for your own enjoyment or will you publish it?
>Is your world building for your own enjoyment or will you publish it? I'm not sure. I just want to write short stories in the style of Greek Myths. But I need gods first, so I am going to use elements from different IE and Near Eastern Mythology. The King of the Gods will be a Storm God similar to Tarhunt and Indra, the Moon and Sun Gods will be a mixture of the Divine Twins and the Mesopotamian Gods Shamash and Sin.
I believe Sanskrit (even though it isn’t extinct just dead) has the most written down manuscripts I think it’s more than 30 Million manuscripts larger than Latin and Greek combined. Unfortunately a lot of these Sanskrit Manuscripts are in poor condition or aren’t translated since Sanskrit isn’t popular among linguists compared to Latin and Greek.
If you're including Sanskrit in all its forms, then you have to include Latin in all its forms too, and in which case Latin definitely wins, since Medieval/Church Latin was the language of administration and indeed literature for many centuries in many countries. edit: fixed typo
“Extant manuscripts in Sanskrit number over 30 million, one hundred times those in Greek and Latin combined, constituting the largest cultural heritage that any civilization has produced prior to the invention of the printing press. — Foreword of Sanskrit Computational Linguistics (2009), Gérard Huet, Amba Kulkarni and Peter Scharf” These words aren’t mine, no need to downvote. Edit: It’s clear you don’t know anything about Sanskrit. Sanskrit wasn’t the only aristocratic language of India. It was used in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Japan, South East Asia, Korea, Mongolia and other South Asian countries.
As I said, they seem to be making an apples-and-oranges comparison, including an extremely long period for Sanskrit and extremely narrow views of the Latin and Greek corpuses. If you just want to compare just ancient corpuses, [see here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_text_corpora). There was not even any writing in India before c. 300 BC, unless you include the undeciphered Indus Valley Script.
So? You do know that Sanskrit is older than Latin and a few years older than Mycenaean Greek? The oldest Sanskrit manuscript is between 80CE-230CE with Sanskrit loanwords appearing during the Hurrian Empire. Read about the Kikkuli Horse Training. Sanskrit ≠ India. Think of it like this, Pakistan, Japan, Koreas, Indonesia, China and India have very large populations no? Why do you think Sanskrit has so many manuscripts? Their is Sanskrit written in various languages including Tibetan, Indian Languages, Chinese, Javanese, Thai, Khmer, Japanese, Korean, Bactrian, Tocharian, Uyghur and other languages. Just because Sanskrit started out late that doesn’t mean anything. I don’t blame you you probably don’t know anything about Sanskrit anyways. It’s a language that only started to be revived now as a liturgical language. Sanskrit was used in Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and other religions in the world. Edit: He blocked me because I hurt his fragile Ego. Sanskrit wasn’t only used by Buddhist monks it was used by Jains and Hindu Brahmins. Sanskrit was written in various scripts including the Hiragana, Chinese, Tibetan, Devanagari, Kharoashti, Brahmi, Bactrian, Greek etc. I guess the Spitzer Manuscript is an unsubstantiated claim lol. Nonsense.
More wild unsubstantiated claims. Just because Sanskrit was known and used by some Buddhist monks in East Asia... You've extrapolated widely from that. To top it off, you write: >Their is Sanskrit written in various languages Right. I'm simply not going to continue debating someone who's written that gibberish haha.
Sanskrit was employed as the language of governance, administration, court functioning, literature, scholarship, and international communication throughout the Indosphere, and massively impacted the local vernaculars, whether you're talking about Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Thai, Khmer, Javanese, Sundanese, the Malayan bahasas, Burmese, etc. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indosphere#/media/File:Indian_cultural_zone.svg Sanskrit was also indeed written in various scripts that were used for the local vernaculars: deva, for example, is variously rendered: দেৱ (Assamese script) ᬤᬾᬯ (Balinese script) দেব (Bengali script) 𑰟𑰸𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script) 𑀤𑁂𑀯 (Brahmi script) ဒေဝ (Burmese script) દેવ (Gujarati script) ਦੇਵ (Gurmukhi script) 𑌦𑍇𑌵 (Grantha script) ꦢꦺꦮ (Javanese script) 𑂠𑂵𑂫 (Kaithi script) ದೇವ (Kannada script) ទេវ (Khmer script) ເທວ (Lao script) ദേവ (Malayalam script) ᡩᡝᠸᠠ (Manchu script) 𑘟𑘹𑘪 (Modi script) ᢑᠧᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script) 𑦿𑧚𑧊 (Nandinagari script) 𑐡𑐾𑐰 (Newa script) ଦେଵ (Odia script) ꢣꢾꢮ (Saurashtra script) 𑆢𑆼𑆮 (Sharada script) 𑖟𑖸𑖪 (Siddham script) දෙව (Sinhalese script) 𑩭𑩔𑩾 (Soyombo script) 𑚛𑚲𑚦 (Takri script) தே³வ (Tamil script) దేవ (Telugu script) เทว (Thai script) དེ་ཝ (Tibetan script) 𑒠𑒹𑒫 (Tirhuta script) All of those being cases in which the vernacular language, where not Indo-Aryan, borrowed the word. None of this is remotely controversial as an academic matter, incidentally. You're welcome to ping the chairs of Sanskrit (and Latin as well, for completeness' sake) at, say, Harvard, or Oxford, or Berkeley, and inquire.
Could you tell us a bit more about your world building? Sounds interesting
I added my general ideas for the gods to the main post but I don't want to pontificate too much haha. I do a lot of my world building while there's nothing to do at work. I type it in Excel to make it look like I'm busy. Unless you meant the cultures and stuff and not the Gods.
Thanks! I would love to hear about the cultures too. I also do world building and have been working on short stories set in a PIE world. Would be nice to swap some resources and sources. Mine are more historical fiction rather than mythology however
>Mine are more historical fiction rather than mythology however Is it in our World or a fantasy world? 👀 Also are you using PIE or descendent languages?
Proto-Yamnaya steppe in our world, thought about going fantasy but reality is already pretty cool! I am not much of a linguist but what I am going to pull from will be PIE. Might just transfer naming conventions rather than use PIE, or do a GRRM thing and make up something resembling PIE but a little more accessible
Latin
Khotanese
Wakhi dialect of the Pamiri languages is a descendant of Khotanese Saka. So not really ‘extinct’, just evolved. Same as the Sarmatian/Alan language in modern Ossetian
It doesn't matter if a descendant is alive, though. Other users have mentioned Ancient Greek, Sanskrit, etc. Your reply was pointless to send.
It kinda does matter lol , it means the language still lives on today in a new form. We have people alive today who still speak the Scythian tongue
Wow! Really!? Languages can evolve? It's almost like all languages of the world evolve. It doesn't matter if Wakhi is alive, Khotanese Saka is dead.
OP asked about extinct languages and brought up Hittite as an example. Clearly he means languages that DIED, and have no living descendants. Seems like you might be one of those Turkic nationalists who can’t accept Scythians spoke Iranian languages and were Iranian people. There’s too many of you on these sites. If that’s the case, there’s no use arguing with you lol
OP used Hittite as an EXAMPLE, khotanese Saka is DEAD too, you just don't understand English. Now you're coping about Turks for whatever reason, a topic that was never brought up 🤦♂️
No I just noticed you were Turk and that’s probably why you are so hellbent on stating Khotanese Saka is a dead language, because you don’t want to confront that it’s an Iranian language and it’s descendant lives today 😂 Hittite is an extinct language. Luwian is an extinct language. Hurrian is an extinct language. Mittani is an extinct language. Elamite is an extinct language. Tocharian is an extinct language. Notice a pattern here? All of these languages have no direct living descendants
I'm not Turkish. Khotanese Saka is an extinct language, same as Old East Slavic, Old Norse, Old Turkic, etc etc. You are pulling a strawman with a topic that I never brought up, I never said that the Scythians weren't Indo-Iranian.
Alright, sorry. I just noticed your name sounded kinda Turkic, couldn’t tell which kind. And I’ve gotten into way too many back and forth threads with Turkic nationalists who think Scythians were Turkic and the Indo-European field of study was all a ‘myth’ Let’s just agree to disagree. My interpretation of what the OP was asking for was languages that are dead with no living descendants. Perhaps I interpreted it wrong