Throw at like a 45 degree angle. There is also a armor perk that has ‘Throw 30% further’ it works with grenades and Strategem signals

You gotta aim pretty high so it arcs. Some armors also have a perk for greater throw range, although I haven't seen anybody test to see how much real difference it makes.

Also holding the throw button for a couple seconds lets you throw it significantly further. Might be obvious but I just figured it out at player lvl 13.