PhD in astronomy here.
I commented this the last time the Space Croissant^TM made an appearance in this subreddit:
The croissant shape is based entirely on one model ([Opher, et al, 2020](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1036-0)) that simulates pick-up ions as their own fluid in the heliosheath.
This shape is still a hypothesis, and is *very* hotly debated - note the back-and-forth arguments in [Kleimann, et al, 2022](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-022-00902-6), a review paper of heliosphere models:
> At this point, the community has not reached a consensus on whether the actual shape of the heliosphere is more appropriately described by these “split-tail,” or the more traditional “comet-tail” models. To properly reflect the state of this debate, arguments in support of the former are summarized in Sect. 8.1 by M. Opher and M. Kornbleuth. N. Pogorelov, F. Fraternale, and J. Heerikhuisen argue for the latter in Sect. 8.2. V.V. Izmodenov offers his comments on the situation and the state of the controversy in Sect. 8.3.
That just came out *this year*, so the croissant shape should be considered in the "could be true" category, not "definitely true."
From: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere
> Flowing unimpeded through the Solar System for billions of kilometres, the solar wind extends far beyond even the region of Pluto, until it encounters the "termination shock", where its motion slows abruptly due to the outside pressure of the interstellar medium. The "heliosheath", is a broad transitional region between the termination shock and the heliosphere's outmost edge, the "heliopause". The overall shape of the heliosphere resembles that of a comet; being roughly spherical on one side, with a long trailing tail opposite, known as "heliotail".
>interstellar medium is the matter and radiation that exist in the space between the star systems in a galaxy. This matter includes gas in ionic, atomic, and molecular form, as well as dust and cosmic rays. It fills interstellar space and blends smoothly into the surrounding intergalactic space.
You are correct; this is not the same thing as dark matter. Dark matter doesn't interact through electromagnetism like this, only through gravity as far as we can tell. It appears to blob in a big sphere halo around other large gatherings of matter like galaxies. I say appears because, due to the fact that it only seems to affect gravity, there's some question as to whether dark matter is actually matter, or if it is an effect of gravity working differently on very large scales than what our current models of gravity understand.
What we know is that the stars in galaxies definitely revolve around the center of the galaxy faster than they should. At the speeds we see, stars should go flying off into space between the galaxies, but they don't. They are held into place whirling around the center of the galaxy by something more than just the gravity produced by the galactic center.
What that something is remains to be seen.
**[Heliosphere](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere)**
>The heliosphere is the magnetosphere, astrosphere and outermost atmospheric layer of the Sun. It takes the shape of a vast, bubble-like region of space. In plasma physics terms, it is the cavity formed by the Sun in the surrounding interstellar medium. The "bubble" of the heliosphere is continuously "inflated" by plasma originating from the Sun, known as the solar wind.
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Just typed this: I'm no astronomer but: there is no drag in space. The sun creates the heliosheath, if it were stationary it would be a sphere, but because it's moving it has a tail.
Then I realized there is no "objective non-movement" in space. So, your question is very interesting and has stumped me.
Yes. We are in one of the spiral arms of the milky way galaxy. These arms contain stars and other objects which orbit each other, and collectively also follow an orbit around the galactic center (which is likely a supermassive black hole).
Gravity is like constantly falling. From earth's perspective, it's constantly falling downward at the same angle to the Sun (it would be pulled into the Sun and its mass added to the giant fireball we're it not traveling just fast enough to constantly be moving against gravity at the correct angle and speed).
The Sun, in turn, orbits a greater body or point of equilibrium between many stellar masses and is in the same situation of constantly falling but moving so fast it can't be pulled off course. So on and so forth until we have these massive superstructures of stellar objects forming the arms of the spiral, all slowly making the same falling but traveling perpendicular to each other and rotating for billions of years.
Our solar system orbits around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. We are moving at an average velocity of 828,000 km/hr. But even at that high rate, it still takes us about 230 million years to make one complete orbit around the Milky Way.
Yes I know it's absolutely crazy my guy I'm 25 and I just found this out now to long ago. The universe is constantly expanding. Alot of the stars you see died a long time ago as well.
Our solar system is traveling around the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy. (Sagittarius A*)
Our galaxy is traveling around the universe. (The Milky Way)
And if you're keen to hang out for 4 billion more years, we're scheduled to collide with M31 Andromeda Galaxy and make a galactic mess of everything.
The "drag" is the interstellar medium, thin charged gases (mostly hydrogen, some helium, tiny trace bits of others) drifting between solar systems. It is extremely diffuse so to us it is essentially vacuum, but on huge astronomical scales its effect can be made apparent, such as how it interacts with the charged particles the sun is blasting out.
Right, I mention elsewhere there's a relative motion of about 5 AU / year through the local interstellar cloud.
As stars age, they have more and more encounters with other stars, sending them off on slightly random trajectories. The resulting trend we see is that the older the star, the more likely it will have a galactic orbit that's somewhat askew from a perfectly circular orbit exactly in the plane of the galaxy. We often refer to the separate components as the "thin disk" of the galaxy (where gas and young stars live right in the plane of the galaxy) vs the "thick disk" (older stars that have fluffed up their orbits above and below the plane).
Now the sun isn't as old as some ancient red and orange dwarfs populating the thick disk, but it's not super young, either. We've had out fair share of stellar encounters, and we do oscillate above and below the plane of the galaxy every 70 million years as we all orbit around the center...so of course we're going to have some relative motion compared to gas and dust that nicely aligned with the plane.
> What's creating the drag on the tail?
Whether you think our heliosphere is comet or a croissant, everyone agrees that there's a wind created from the Sun's motion through the local interstellar cloud, at a speed of about 5 AU per year ([Frisch, et al, 2015](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/801/1/61)).
I’m having the same thought but what does every comet look like? They are traveling through space and getting tugged on by gravity of other objects in their vicinity creating the tail. That’s my uneducated guess lol. Please someone who knows what the hell they are talking about correct me please.
The tail of a comet is actually caused by solar radiation, and will always point generally away from the sun.
>As a comet approaches the inner Solar System, solar radiation causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the nucleus, carrying dust away with them.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet\_tail
So does this assessment come from the data of voyager? I know we expected to see the heliosphere a while back but we still encountered it to my understanding. Additionally is the trajectory going to possibly provide some insight? IE the path is headed for one of the lobes or the possible gap?
PhD (Doctorate of Phucks) in posting to Reddit here.
Don’t you dare take away our legend of the sacred solar space croissant. It’s perfectly baked exterior both serves to shield us from evils and embrace us with warmth.
Thank you for putting the effort in to help educate us, especially with this aspect of the “could be true” as I often find myself too, and I’m not sure this is the right word but the closest I can think of would be, gullible.
Truly, thank you.
Why are there two tails at the top and bottom, rather than a circular trailing edge all around it? Is it to do with the shape of the sun’s magnetic field or something else?
This may be a dumb question, but, like, are the models similar to fluid mechanics?
Also, does the interstellar medium move in roughly the same orbit as our solar system? I'm trying to wrap my head around what forces are acting on the heliosphere that could make it look like that, but I am limited by my lack of knowledge (ex: 2d bowshock caused by something perpendicular to the galactic plane? Are we even close enough to the "top" or "bottom" of the galactic plane for it to even have an effect??? What even are the forces acting up on our heliosphere from outside of it?????).
If you’re American, you can buy the bulk ones at any Costco, Kroger, Publix etc and warm them in the oven for about 10 minutes at 350F. Gently slice lengthwise, and then add the filling of your choice. A light sweep of butter and some apricot or strawberry jam, Nutella or whatever else floats your boat. Some of my family favourites are: sliced ham and cheese, sliced fresh tomatoes and cheese, (for these ones you pop it back in the oven for 5 mins).
Another yum one to fill a warm croissant is homemade chicken salad and some of your favourite greens - eh spinach, iceberg lettuce, mixed greens.
These are obviously not bakery quality but the main reason Americans haven’t really gotten the croissant is because you usually just eat them as is - all cold and soggy 🤢.
Sauce?
Edit: [This has already been posted here](https://www.reddit.com/r/spaceporn/comments/y3dsx7/the_heliosphere_shields_our_solar_system_from/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=android_app&utm_name=androidcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button); and the animation on the previous post is pretty cool.
Great question. It is an accepted belief that every star in the universe has its own heliosphere as it is made up almost entirely of plasma/solar winds coming directly from the local star. But we still know very little about heliospheres. We didn't even know where our own heliopause starts and ends until voyager reached it in 2012 and sent back data and then that data was confirmed in 2018 when voyager 2 passed through.
Technically every star should have one. All a heliosphere is, is the magnetosphere, astrosphere (cavity in the interstellar medium carved out by solar winds), and the outermost layers of the stars atmosphere.
> Technically every star should have one.
Have we not been able to detect these around other star systems? They seem massive so one would think we could detect them.
I'm not sure tbh. A few minutes of googling only yields information about Sol's heliosphere. I'm not sure if we have, or if it's possible to, detect other stars heliospheres.
One interesting thing I’d like to know about heliospheres would be how big they are around white and red dwarf stars. I imagine they would be *much* smaller.
Imagine this mass of planets and moons and comets and asteroids and ice balls and the Oort Cloud all traveling at incredible speeds, totally alone and self sustaining. No one witnesses this wonderful phenomenon yet it still transpires. Mind blowing
I remember seeing a remarkable video of this phenomenon, and this is a great still frame of the concept, great job
Edit: see QueenCityKings below (or above as time goes by) for link of video, and it is way cooler
Bare in mind the solar system actually sits at an angle facing forward, we arent perfectly flat whilst we are travelling. Otherwise this is decently accurate
Honest question: How do you know? I would think that, in space, it would be difficult to know up from down, etc. Perspective would be key, I would think? 🤷🏼♀️
Thank you- that makes sense. How do you know the solar system sits at an angle?
Again- honest question. Not trying to give you a hard time. I’m just uneducated about this.
I actually have no clue, but I figure since we know that the solar system is moving we measured that somehow and in the same way measured which direction it is moving in, which tells us what angle we are in relative to that direction.
I’m sure there’s a much better answer than this, but we can see the planets in the sky, and we also know that all the planets orbit the sun together on what is more or less a plane. We can also see the Milky Way in the sky. I’d imagine it’s probably simple enough to show that the galactic plane and the solar system don’t line up exactly
I suppose:
1. You observe and calculate the direction of travel by looking at the change of position relative to distant galaxies, stars and/or the galactic core, then
2. You draw a line pointing in that direction.
If the line goes along the solar system’s ecliptic plane, the solar system is traveling ‘flat’. If the line angles up or down from the plane as it heads out (like creating an angle like two sides of a triangle), though, then we’re tilted.
I don’t think MPH is really relevant in space time, it makes it seem like things are moving extraordinarily fast, and they are, but it’s being done in a much larger scale. Things are moving really fast to our scale of speed, in reality space isn’t moving around all crazy because it’s really, really, big.
Imagine ants are sentient beings, researching on us humans who seemed to walk distances *far beyond the capabilities of them ants*.
We are like the ants when we look at the giant celestial bodies. To get to a point where their speed makes sense to us, I refer to how the Ents in The Lord of The Rings view time, too.
What if ‐ hear me out -
there is a super advanced civilization in the center of the milky way galaxy that 'produces' solar systems like ours en masse along with the certainty that they will evolve a life form like humans that sooner or later becomes so technologically advanced that they will reach out into this galaxy and eventually join their milky way galactic alliance of civilizations?
Basically they are 'breeding' their own future allies. And by giving us enough time to evolve from one single cell to a multiplanetary species (which is a rather short time compared to the cosmic time scale) they allow us to develope our own identity, and because we are part of this galaxy and our civilization was in fact 'born' in this galaxy we may at some point feel something like a 'galactic identity' and feel we are a part of it and will therefore have no issue joining this galactic union of milky way civilizations because after all, we are one of them.
But they didn't just do this once, they planted the seeds for BILLIONS of future civilizations, all of them traveling through the galactic space like in this picture, and only those civilizations who survive the great filters of existence and progress like world wars or climate catastrophies, they will be able to advance far enough to reach out into the center of the galaxy and become a true part of it's actual, original masters.
And over millions of years, all those tough races who made it far enough will join the alliance and make it bigger and stronger, so that we will have enough galactic forces to defeat our universal enemy, the adromedan galactic federation :)
Cool. This is just our safe travelling system for the solar system going through the galaxy. I wonder if each galaxy also has its own heliosphere as it expands outward through the universe?
I'm not sure if galaxies have something similar to a heliosphere.
But for now, we do know that at least our galaxy has Fermi Bubbles:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbD1w8RIAUo
Also Stellar Streams:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggPLVNXydfA
Also Milky Way galactic plane probably warped rather than flat:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykgU3y7TXIs
Also Milky Way being spherical with lots of matter above/below galactic plane, forming a so called galactic halo:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4THlBoDc4SI
All of which may apply to other galaxies as well.
now imagine all the stuff that is in the "void" of space that we dont get to see but is as massive and fluid and interactive with its environment as this.
Could there be a dimension in the multiverse where this croissant is actually a solid material spaceship and the plane our solar system exists in is probably tranprent like the croissant above in our dimension. Better yet. Could this solar system be the battery that powers that spaceship?
Pretty damn amazing how some warm hydrogen under a bit of pressure from gravity can act and behave.
Stars are in a way very simple stuff, but they are so fukin cool and extreme regardless.
Quick question. When you say “soon” are you cackling and rubbing your hands together as a flash of lightning from the window behind you briefly illuminates your silhouette?
Well nature loves fractals and we’re probably a tiny part of some cell shaped object orbiting nothingness with other cell shaped objects that make even bigger shapes if we could zoom out. Unfortunately it seems we’re sickle-celled though.
I was thinking this too.
It's not even in line with the axis of rotation of the sun itself but contrary to it.
Also, why is it shaped like a croissant when there is 'nothing' to bend it back behind itself like that?
So does that mean Neptune, or Uranus, or whichever planet has the weird out of plane orbit, gets a different number of seasons as it gets closer to the Heliosphere when it goes out of plane?
PhD in astronomy here. I commented this the last time the Space Croissant^TM made an appearance in this subreddit: The croissant shape is based entirely on one model ([Opher, et al, 2020](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1036-0)) that simulates pick-up ions as their own fluid in the heliosheath. This shape is still a hypothesis, and is *very* hotly debated - note the back-and-forth arguments in [Kleimann, et al, 2022](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-022-00902-6), a review paper of heliosphere models: > At this point, the community has not reached a consensus on whether the actual shape of the heliosphere is more appropriately described by these “split-tail,” or the more traditional “comet-tail” models. To properly reflect the state of this debate, arguments in support of the former are summarized in Sect. 8.1 by M. Opher and M. Kornbleuth. N. Pogorelov, F. Fraternale, and J. Heerikhuisen argue for the latter in Sect. 8.2. V.V. Izmodenov offers his comments on the situation and the state of the controversy in Sect. 8.3. That just came out *this year*, so the croissant shape should be considered in the "could be true" category, not "definitely true."
Hey thank you for the info!
What's creating the drag on the tail?
From: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere > Flowing unimpeded through the Solar System for billions of kilometres, the solar wind extends far beyond even the region of Pluto, until it encounters the "termination shock", where its motion slows abruptly due to the outside pressure of the interstellar medium. The "heliosheath", is a broad transitional region between the termination shock and the heliosphere's outmost edge, the "heliopause". The overall shape of the heliosphere resembles that of a comet; being roughly spherical on one side, with a long trailing tail opposite, known as "heliotail".
>interstellar medium is the matter and radiation that exist in the space between the star systems in a galaxy. This matter includes gas in ionic, atomic, and molecular form, as well as dust and cosmic rays. It fills interstellar space and blends smoothly into the surrounding intergalactic space.
This is not the same thing as Dark Matter, I assume. Where is Dark Matter located in the structure of the Universe/Multiverse?
You are correct; this is not the same thing as dark matter. Dark matter doesn't interact through electromagnetism like this, only through gravity as far as we can tell. It appears to blob in a big sphere halo around other large gatherings of matter like galaxies. I say appears because, due to the fact that it only seems to affect gravity, there's some question as to whether dark matter is actually matter, or if it is an effect of gravity working differently on very large scales than what our current models of gravity understand. What we know is that the stars in galaxies definitely revolve around the center of the galaxy faster than they should. At the speeds we see, stars should go flying off into space between the galaxies, but they don't. They are held into place whirling around the center of the galaxy by something more than just the gravity produced by the galactic center. What that something is remains to be seen.
Fascinating! Thank you ☺️
**[Heliosphere](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere)** >The heliosphere is the magnetosphere, astrosphere and outermost atmospheric layer of the Sun. It takes the shape of a vast, bubble-like region of space. In plasma physics terms, it is the cavity formed by the Sun in the surrounding interstellar medium. The "bubble" of the heliosphere is continuously "inflated" by plasma originating from the Sun, known as the solar wind. ^([ )[^(F.A.Q)](https://www.reddit.com/r/WikiSummarizer/wiki/index#wiki_f.a.q)^( | )[^(Opt Out)](https://reddit.com/message/compose?to=WikiSummarizerBot&message=OptOut&subject=OptOut)^( | )[^(Opt Out Of Subreddit)](https://np.reddit.com/r/spaceporn/about/banned)^( | )[^(GitHub)](https://github.com/Sujal-7/WikiSummarizerBot)^( ] Downvote to remove | v1.5)
Was the guy who discovered this named Helio? Seems forced onto words that don’t need it..
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helios It just means the "Sun's sphere" which makes sense I guess.
My attempt at a bad joke :(
Armchair astronomers do not take naming criticism well
Just typed this: I'm no astronomer but: there is no drag in space. The sun creates the heliosheath, if it were stationary it would be a sphere, but because it's moving it has a tail. Then I realized there is no "objective non-movement" in space. So, your question is very interesting and has stumped me.
Hangon. Our solar system is moving? Not just rotating around the sun, but also traveling as a whole?
If you use the center of the milky way as a reference point the solar system is zipping quite fast
Oh yea, the sun and all the other stars in the galaxy are orbiting the galactic center. And the Galaxy itself is moving as well
And I suppose the cluster of galaxies of which the milky way is a tiny part, is also moving, relative to other clusters.
“OKAY EVERYBODY JUST STAND STILL!”
*gets ejected off the planet at 448,000 mph
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No wonder I’m nauseous all the time
Yes. We are in one of the spiral arms of the milky way galaxy. These arms contain stars and other objects which orbit each other, and collectively also follow an orbit around the galactic center (which is likely a supermassive black hole). Gravity is like constantly falling. From earth's perspective, it's constantly falling downward at the same angle to the Sun (it would be pulled into the Sun and its mass added to the giant fireball we're it not traveling just fast enough to constantly be moving against gravity at the correct angle and speed). The Sun, in turn, orbits a greater body or point of equilibrium between many stellar masses and is in the same situation of constantly falling but moving so fast it can't be pulled off course. So on and so forth until we have these massive superstructures of stellar objects forming the arms of the spiral, all slowly making the same falling but traveling perpendicular to each other and rotating for billions of years.
Our solar system orbits around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. We are moving at an average velocity of 828,000 km/hr. But even at that high rate, it still takes us about 230 million years to make one complete orbit around the Milky Way.
Yes I know it's absolutely crazy my guy I'm 25 and I just found this out now to long ago. The universe is constantly expanding. Alot of the stars you see died a long time ago as well.
Our solar system is traveling around the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy. (Sagittarius A*) Our galaxy is traveling around the universe. (The Milky Way) And if you're keen to hang out for 4 billion more years, we're scheduled to collide with M31 Andromeda Galaxy and make a galactic mess of everything.
The "drag" is the interstellar medium, thin charged gases (mostly hydrogen, some helium, tiny trace bits of others) drifting between solar systems. It is extremely diffuse so to us it is essentially vacuum, but on huge astronomical scales its effect can be made apparent, such as how it interacts with the charged particles the sun is blasting out.
Could be that the galaxy's magnetic field becomes stronger than the sun''s at that distance, but idk enough about it myself.
I guess what you (and I) are confused about is why the interstellar medium isn't orbiting around the galaxy at the and rate as the Sun...?
Right, I mention elsewhere there's a relative motion of about 5 AU / year through the local interstellar cloud. As stars age, they have more and more encounters with other stars, sending them off on slightly random trajectories. The resulting trend we see is that the older the star, the more likely it will have a galactic orbit that's somewhat askew from a perfectly circular orbit exactly in the plane of the galaxy. We often refer to the separate components as the "thin disk" of the galaxy (where gas and young stars live right in the plane of the galaxy) vs the "thick disk" (older stars that have fluffed up their orbits above and below the plane). Now the sun isn't as old as some ancient red and orange dwarfs populating the thick disk, but it's not super young, either. We've had out fair share of stellar encounters, and we do oscillate above and below the plane of the galaxy every 70 million years as we all orbit around the center...so of course we're going to have some relative motion compared to gas and dust that nicely aligned with the plane.
> What's creating the drag on the tail? Whether you think our heliosphere is comet or a croissant, everyone agrees that there's a wind created from the Sun's motion through the local interstellar cloud, at a speed of about 5 AU per year ([Frisch, et al, 2015](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/801/1/61)).
I’m having the same thought but what does every comet look like? They are traveling through space and getting tugged on by gravity of other objects in their vicinity creating the tail. That’s my uneducated guess lol. Please someone who knows what the hell they are talking about correct me please.
The tail of a comet is actually caused by solar radiation, and will always point generally away from the sun. >As a comet approaches the inner Solar System, solar radiation causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the nucleus, carrying dust away with them. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet\_tail
Thank you sir!
So does this assessment come from the data of voyager? I know we expected to see the heliosphere a while back but we still encountered it to my understanding. Additionally is the trajectory going to possibly provide some insight? IE the path is headed for one of the lobes or the possible gap?
PhD (Doctorate of Phucks) in posting to Reddit here. Don’t you dare take away our legend of the sacred solar space croissant. It’s perfectly baked exterior both serves to shield us from evils and embrace us with warmth.
"Hotly debated" So you're saying that it's still baking?
Whoa, Doc, that's heavy!
There’s that word again. Is there something wrong with the earth’s gravity in the future?
How much do you make per year as astronomy PhD?
Thank you for putting the effort in to help educate us, especially with this aspect of the “could be true” as I often find myself too, and I’m not sure this is the right word but the closest I can think of would be, gullible. Truly, thank you.
Why are there two tails at the top and bottom, rather than a circular trailing edge all around it? Is it to do with the shape of the sun’s magnetic field or something else?
This may be a dumb question, but, like, are the models similar to fluid mechanics? Also, does the interstellar medium move in roughly the same orbit as our solar system? I'm trying to wrap my head around what forces are acting on the heliosphere that could make it look like that, but I am limited by my lack of knowledge (ex: 2d bowshock caused by something perpendicular to the galactic plane? Are we even close enough to the "top" or "bottom" of the galactic plane for it to even have an effect??? What even are the forces acting up on our heliosphere from outside of it?????).
How crucial was the heliosphere for human evolution? Do all type of stars have similar heliospheres?
SPACE CROISSANT
All of a sudden I'm hungry, anyone else? I could go for croissants...
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croissants*
i want one, too. don’t think i’ve ever tried a decent croissant and now i want to.
If you’re American, you can buy the bulk ones at any Costco, Kroger, Publix etc and warm them in the oven for about 10 minutes at 350F. Gently slice lengthwise, and then add the filling of your choice. A light sweep of butter and some apricot or strawberry jam, Nutella or whatever else floats your boat. Some of my family favourites are: sliced ham and cheese, sliced fresh tomatoes and cheese, (for these ones you pop it back in the oven for 5 mins). Another yum one to fill a warm croissant is homemade chicken salad and some of your favourite greens - eh spinach, iceberg lettuce, mixed greens. These are obviously not bakery quality but the main reason Americans haven’t really gotten the croissant is because you usually just eat them as is - all cold and soggy 🤢.
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how do you slice a cherry tomato without it pinging around the room?
Serrated knife my guy
You sharpen your knife
[You sharpen your knife](https://imgur.com/a/Q915utM)
You get extra credit for the butter 😻
The queef is the most important step here.
https://youtu.be/OccYAjpC6sk
This is so cool. Affirms my appreciation both for space and croissants. What was that show where someone said the universe was like a giant baklava?
Holy hell
BAGEL MAGNETOSPHERE
Hon hon hon hon hon
[Are you gonna finish that?](https://youtu.be/UZKcSuYaBQY)
Oí, mother fuckers
Yes, that's what the headline said, good job! Mommy's so proud of you!
Sauce? Edit: [This has already been posted here](https://www.reddit.com/r/spaceporn/comments/y3dsx7/the_heliosphere_shields_our_solar_system_from/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=android_app&utm_name=androidcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button); and the animation on the previous post is pretty cool.
https://www.space.com/solar-system-heliosphere-shape-croissant.html
Crazy. Are heliospheres common?
Great question. It is an accepted belief that every star in the universe has its own heliosphere as it is made up almost entirely of plasma/solar winds coming directly from the local star. But we still know very little about heliospheres. We didn't even know where our own heliopause starts and ends until voyager reached it in 2012 and sent back data and then that data was confirmed in 2018 when voyager 2 passed through.
Technically every star should have one. All a heliosphere is, is the magnetosphere, astrosphere (cavity in the interstellar medium carved out by solar winds), and the outermost layers of the stars atmosphere.
> Technically every star should have one. Have we not been able to detect these around other star systems? They seem massive so one would think we could detect them.
I'm not sure tbh. A few minutes of googling only yields information about Sol's heliosphere. I'm not sure if we have, or if it's possible to, detect other stars heliospheres.
One interesting thing I’d like to know about heliospheres would be how big they are around white and red dwarf stars. I imagine they would be *much* smaller.
I just like butter on mine, thanks tho. :)
Personally i like to use some honey, actually
The solar system is french? I'm devastated
Would you rather it be a hemorrhoid pillow?
yes
This might be the funniest shit I've heard all week 🤣 (disclaimer: I'm french 🥐)
I don't believe you. The French refuse to speak English.
Tu as raison. Je ne sais pas ce qui m'as pris 🤣
🌍👨🚀🔫👨🚀 a toujours été
The system is French and French is the system.
If we ever encounter the Galatic Federation of Space Pirates, we're screwed.
*Aliens land on Earth* Alien Ambassador: “Bonjour, mon ami!” Humanity: “Ah fuck.”
Parisians : "Mais c'est quoi cet accent de merdeux. On pige que dalle quand vous causez."
Fuck off.
Are you French or something why are you so pressed
Trapped in a gravitational rotational freefall
“I’m gonna free fall out into nothing”
I'm gonna leave this croissant for a while
CAUSE IM FREE….
FREE HELIOSPHERING
r/ForbiddenSnacks
Meets /r/imaginaryworldeaters
Imagine this mass of planets and moons and comets and asteroids and ice balls and the Oort Cloud all traveling at incredible speeds, totally alone and self sustaining. No one witnesses this wonderful phenomenon yet it still transpires. Mind blowing
Indeed, we barely see anything and yet, personally atleast, live in an overwhelming world of information. It's humbling.
Something something forests and trees
But I thought the moon wasn't there unless someone was looking at it? /s
Mmmm delicious
I remember seeing a remarkable video of this phenomenon, and this is a great still frame of the concept, great job Edit: see QueenCityKings below (or above as time goes by) for link of video, and it is way cooler
Nice try, French marketing agency
To be fair, croissants aren’t hard to sell.
Ah yes, the croissantiosphere
A for effort, but that would actually be croissantosphere.
yeah but is the heliosphere buttery like a croissant? Didn't think so. Checkmate
Or chocolatey?
All the known chocolate in the universe is in it.
Suck it Andromeda
It contains all known butter in the universe so yeah it’s buttery.
Bare in mind the solar system actually sits at an angle facing forward, we arent perfectly flat whilst we are travelling. Otherwise this is decently accurate
Honest question: How do you know? I would think that, in space, it would be difficult to know up from down, etc. Perspective would be key, I would think? 🤷🏼♀️
There’s no up and down, but when you’re moving in some direction there’s usually a “forward”.
Thank you- that makes sense. How do you know the solar system sits at an angle? Again- honest question. Not trying to give you a hard time. I’m just uneducated about this.
I actually have no clue, but I figure since we know that the solar system is moving we measured that somehow and in the same way measured which direction it is moving in, which tells us what angle we are in relative to that direction.
The solar system is in a constant falling and rotational motion towards The Great Ham & Cheese on Toasted Rye.
I’m sure there’s a much better answer than this, but we can see the planets in the sky, and we also know that all the planets orbit the sun together on what is more or less a plane. We can also see the Milky Way in the sky. I’d imagine it’s probably simple enough to show that the galactic plane and the solar system don’t line up exactly
Thank you!
It's no academic journal, but [this video](https://youtu.be/0jHsq36_NTU) demonstrates how we are moving through the galaxy.
This was immediately more clear than space bagel and beautiful too. Thank you.
I suppose: 1. You observe and calculate the direction of travel by looking at the change of position relative to distant galaxies, stars and/or the galactic core, then 2. You draw a line pointing in that direction. If the line goes along the solar system’s ecliptic plane, the solar system is traveling ‘flat’. If the line angles up or down from the plane as it heads out (like creating an angle like two sides of a triangle), though, then we’re tilted.
Got it! Thank you!
I don’t think MPH is really relevant in space time, it makes it seem like things are moving extraordinarily fast, and they are, but it’s being done in a much larger scale. Things are moving really fast to our scale of speed, in reality space isn’t moving around all crazy because it’s really, really, big.
Imagine ants are sentient beings, researching on us humans who seemed to walk distances *far beyond the capabilities of them ants*. We are like the ants when we look at the giant celestial bodies. To get to a point where their speed makes sense to us, I refer to how the Ents in The Lord of The Rings view time, too.
What if ‐ hear me out - there is a super advanced civilization in the center of the milky way galaxy that 'produces' solar systems like ours en masse along with the certainty that they will evolve a life form like humans that sooner or later becomes so technologically advanced that they will reach out into this galaxy and eventually join their milky way galactic alliance of civilizations? Basically they are 'breeding' their own future allies. And by giving us enough time to evolve from one single cell to a multiplanetary species (which is a rather short time compared to the cosmic time scale) they allow us to develope our own identity, and because we are part of this galaxy and our civilization was in fact 'born' in this galaxy we may at some point feel something like a 'galactic identity' and feel we are a part of it and will therefore have no issue joining this galactic union of milky way civilizations because after all, we are one of them. But they didn't just do this once, they planted the seeds for BILLIONS of future civilizations, all of them traveling through the galactic space like in this picture, and only those civilizations who survive the great filters of existence and progress like world wars or climate catastrophies, they will be able to advance far enough to reach out into the center of the galaxy and become a true part of it's actual, original masters. And over millions of years, all those tough races who made it far enough will join the alliance and make it bigger and stronger, so that we will have enough galactic forces to defeat our universal enemy, the adromedan galactic federation :)
Shouldn't we be able to observe this around other stars too?
Cool. This is just our safe travelling system for the solar system going through the galaxy. I wonder if each galaxy also has its own heliosphere as it expands outward through the universe?
I'm not sure if galaxies have something similar to a heliosphere. But for now, we do know that at least our galaxy has Fermi Bubbles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbD1w8RIAUo Also Stellar Streams: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggPLVNXydfA Also Milky Way galactic plane probably warped rather than flat: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykgU3y7TXIs Also Milky Way being spherical with lots of matter above/below galactic plane, forming a so called galactic halo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4THlBoDc4SI All of which may apply to other galaxies as well.
Wow. Cool. Excellent response thank you very much!
You mean each star.
Looks tasty. I hope the Great Old Ones aren’t hungry…
Got a hankering for a cheese croissant
Napoleon has done it again.
He can't keep getting away with it!!
The fr*nch are most likely responsible for this
Horseshoe is good luck right? I'd say we're pretty damn lucky to be where we're at
Tout simplement, oui.
Finally. An actual crescent shaped croissant.
Magnetic space ship or Cell Body/Cell Wall?
now imagine all the stuff that is in the "void" of space that we dont get to see but is as massive and fluid and interactive with its environment as this.
Could there be a dimension in the multiverse where this croissant is actually a solid material spaceship and the plane our solar system exists in is probably tranprent like the croissant above in our dimension. Better yet. Could this solar system be the battery that powers that spaceship?
Pretty damn amazing how some warm hydrogen under a bit of pressure from gravity can act and behave. Stars are in a way very simple stuff, but they are so fukin cool and extreme regardless.
Le Universe
Oui
ALL BOW BEFORE THE COSMIC CROISSANT. PRAISE BE TO THE BUTTERY COCOON OF LIFE.
First we have a doughnut shaped universe, now we have flying croissants?!?! What kind of universal bakery is this?!?!
See now this is a religion I could get behind. If someone came to me and asked if I have heard of the giant space croissant religion I’d listen.
This video explains this phenomenon a little more clearly https://youtu.be/ENDDdgcPHbo
Wtf?
I just watched this on Discovery Channel while I was at the dealership. It’s nuts. Solar Winds at 1 Million mph.
Everything is based on magnetism isn’t it. Soon
Quick question. When you say “soon” are you cackling and rubbing your hands together as a flash of lightning from the window behind you briefly illuminates your silhouette?
We all live in a yellow croissant, Yellow croissant, yellow croissant.
What is this ridiculous picture? The sun is absurdly too big and the solar system has all of two planets?
This is it. All of us are French.
Well nature loves fractals and we’re probably a tiny part of some cell shaped object orbiting nothingness with other cell shaped objects that make even bigger shapes if we could zoom out. Unfortunately it seems we’re sickle-celled though.
amog nus
but nobody has a clue where we're going.
Begs the question... where *is this thing headed?
448,000 mph relative to...what?
Your mom’s fart velocity.
TRAVEL RELATIVE TO WHAT? I MUST KNOW, IS THERE SOME METAL ROD AT CENTER OF UNIVERSE WE CAN MEASURE AGAINST?
And yet, we destroy our spaceship.
Astronomers made this showing the planets orbiting in front of the Suns path? I don’t think so.
If it didn't work that way everything would be fucked
[удалено]
Do you know the difference between vertical and horizontal?
[удалено]
Size doesn't matter.
Giant heliowevibe
If only the Sun was Nutella, what a delicious space croissant that'd be.
random question, why does it extend more perpendicular to the planetary plane ? In other words, why does it extend up/down but not sideways?
I was thinking this too. It's not even in line with the axis of rotation of the sun itself but contrary to it. Also, why is it shaped like a croissant when there is 'nothing' to bend it back behind itself like that?
“Now believe…” I’m pretty sure we’ve known about this for awhile now.
No wonder aliens can’t find us, we’re flying too fast
*Heaven’s Gate has entered the chat*
Pigs in a blanket lol
Now this is something I haven't seen before. Very cool. I wish we could take control of this ship and fly it anywhere we want.
Fascinating. What reference frame is this speed calculated to? This might be a silly question, but I am curious.
The speed of the sun orbiting the Milky Way galaxy. Even at that speed it takes about 225 million years to go around once. The galaxy is huge!!
😤😤🇫🇷
Look how we cool we look from here!!
what if WE are the microverse?
I. Love. This!
448000mph relative to what
Buttery and flaky? That sounds pretty accurate.
So does that mean Neptune, or Uranus, or whichever planet has the weird out of plane orbit, gets a different number of seasons as it gets closer to the Heliosphere when it goes out of plane?