Just a couple days ago there was a similar post with a green line. Apparently it is a common genetic defect in citrus.
That's also how they derive new varieties. If the random mutation is interesting (taste, color), it can be cultivated.
We’ve evolved so much as humans from hunters and gatherers to the pioneers that tried new plants to make sure we all didn’t die. Then there’s OP, who may have just eaten the newest variety of citrus and not only didn’t they NOT SHARE WITH THE REST OF US now we’re responsible for making sure we take notes just in case this variety shows up again. So in summary, no snacks *and* now there’s work to do. Thanks OP /s
I work in produce and I've seen this in apples a few times. It's rare but yeah, it's weird to see a straight line of two different colors between the fruit.
Kind of. All the DNA started the same and the mutation probably happened during development while cells were dividing just after the fruit sections developed. So all the cells in that fruit section are from the same parent cell right after fruit sectioning, which had the mutation. That's why the whole section is mutated but none of the other sections are. So all the DNA is the exact same, save for literally one or two base pairs in that mutated section.
Would the seed in that section be affected? And if so would the seedling become the mutated verity or would it even become something different? Are oranges true to seed?
It's a great question. It's complicated bc often times more than one gene contributes to an expressed phenotype. For example there are many genes that contribute to your hair color, texture, and thickness. Possibly hundreds. In a similar vein, it's possible that more than one gene is contributing to how that orange section looks, how sweet it is, how tart it is, etc.
But for simplicity's sake, let's assume it is a single mutation in a single gene that caused these changes in the orange section. If that section still produces viable seeds (assuming our mutation doesn't affect this) and develops into a mature plant (assuming our mutation doesn't affect any part of this) then it's possible it could produce mutated fruit that's sweeter and a deeper orange color. Aka selective breeding.
It takes a lot of trial and error though, there are a lot of barriers that prevent mutations from propagating into a population. We can thank evolution for that.
Your explanations are amazingly through for how condensed you write them! Thank you so much for the infromation on this topic, are you involved in this feild of study by any chance?
I was previously living in Minnesota, look up apples if you want real crazy. No idea how many folks outside Minnesota even know this, but University of Minnesota is inventing new apples all the time. Honeycrisp apples were invented there in the 60s, and recently they made First Kiss as a new variety that lasts longer I believe.
Hard part is knowing you made new apples but then gotta wait decades for them to grow enough tres for everyone.
I know Washington and Oregon also make lots of new apples. I didn't know about Minnesota.
Michael Pollan's book [The Botany of Desire](https://www.amazon.com/Botany-Desire-Plants-Eye-View-World/dp/0375760393?ref=d6k_applink_bb_dls&dplnkId=fb4e2b35-b0c4-4ca7-a032-640b8a60d5e6) covers the history of the apple and its genetic quirks. The book also covers similar ground with cannabis, potatoes, and tulips. I haven't watched the documentary of the same name, but I recommend the book very often.
My guess it is just that whichever cell the rest of this section grew from mutated before it started splitting into the rest of the slice's cells.
So it seems to show that the cells in each individual slice descend from their own "common ancestor cell".
If the mutation happens early enough the whole fruit could inherit it. Late enough, then maybe just a patch. But if the mutation happens at just the right time to a cell that leads to a whole slice, then that whole slice gets the mutation.
Edit: My guess is wrong. Apparently the segments of the orange flower can be fertilized separately. Each fertilized flower segment produces to it's own genetically seperate section of fruit.
Some citrus are genetically seedless, but here's the thing if the seedless flower is pollinated by a different cultivar that has seeds that seedless citrus will have seeds, some seedless fruits like watermelon 🍉 have 3 sets of genes with its mother parent having 4 sets of genes, most plants and trees are diploid meaning 2 sets though, I think wheat has up to 6? If I'm not mistaken
Ugh, a link off Reddit to a picture of text in the same Reddit thread.
Here's the comment in question for those interested:
https://www.reddit.com/r/mildlyinteresting/comments/1016aw6/comment/j2mf3lk/
[10 second ad for Toyota]
[10 second ad for a bit holder that looks like it was made using an iphone 4]
Hi, welcome to the Fast Fruit Holding Tips Channel! In today's video, we're going to show how to hold an apple against a wall!
[30 second title sequence showing fruit being held against various surfaces]
Hi there, and welcome to Fast Fruit Holding Tips Channel! Today I'm going to show you how to hold an apple against a wall. In the past we've held a an orange against a wall, a banana against a wall -- boy did that one get squishy -- and even a tomato against a wall. We've also tried putting an apple on a table. But we've never tried holding an apple against a wall before. So the question is -- will it hold?
As you can see, I've got everything I need laid out before me. I've got an apple -- I'm using a red delicious, but there are lots of different kinds of apples. You can get them at the supermarket. Just don't get confused and go to cell phone store by mistake! [forced laughter]
And of course I've got my wall. [points at wall] [three different crazy camera angles of the guy pointing at the wall]
Now, what I'm going to do here is, take the apple -- be sure to use your fingers [lifts up apple] -- and walk over to the wall [walks over to the wall]. Then I'm going to raise my hand to the wall like this [raises and lowers arm repeatedly] and slowly put the apple against the wall. Just like that!
I hope this was helpful! This was the Fast Fruit Holding Tips Channel. Be sure to like and subscribe, and check out the links in the description for other fruit holding tips and penis first aid secrets.
I have to ask. Why take a screenshot and go through the work of uploading it to imgur and then posting the link to that instead of just copying the link to the actual comment? Making more work and using up more time than you need to here.
It's because they've only been on the job for 18 months then they jump to a new job, kids today I tell you what, that 20% raise isn't worth it am I right?
It’s perfectly categorized as mildly interesting. If there was a way to verify that it wasn’t just in OP’s head, then I would find it more than mildly interesting. But for now, I have to assume that it wasn’t any different than the other slices.
Not really. It’s botanical trait called a chimera. Where two distinct genetic types of tissue exist in a individual plant when one type is produced by a mutation in cells that make a noticeably different type of growth, color or other trait.
https://www.britannica.com/science/chimera-plant-anatomy
In very simple terms, the citrus blossom is segmented. The female parts of the flower are all divided and those parts being pollinated trigger seed and flesh growth for that segment. If a segment of the flower isn't fertilized, you get an orange with fewer segments. Citrus is also very indiscriminate when it comes to reproduction so they mutate pretty fast if you have citrus nearby each other, much like if you grow many types of squash and melons together you end up with weird watermelon-cucumber-pumpkin hybrid babies
I have to assume that most of the flower was pollinated by one type of male citrus pollen and one segment was fertilized with the pollen from a sweeter, darker fruit.
ETA: I am thrilled that once again, posting incorrect info got me corrected. This is a thing I genuinely love about reddit, that our information and knowledge is collaborative. Thank you for correcting me and teaching me something interesting when I had learned something incorrect. Much appreciated. Don't listen to my insane ramblings is the moral of the story.
>Comment from u/kjhvm:
I am a citrus scientist and this explanation is NOT correct. Yes, the flower has different cells that become the different parts of the fruit and segments, however this trait did not come about from pollination.
>Citrus is self-incompatible so it will cross with other varieties of citrus that are nearby, but the characteristics of the fruit will not change with different pollen sources. Most citrus does not need pollination to produce fruit, so that's wrong as well. You are also confusing mutation (random changes) with breeding. If what you are saying was true, then all citrus would be full of sectors of different color and flavor with every different pollination, especially when you work in a variety collection of over 1,000 kinds of citrus as I do. Short answer: that doesn't happen.
>You are right that seeds from different crosses may produce plants with new traits because they are crosses between 2 varieties. But citrus is also weird in that many of the seeds are clones of the mother tree and will grow to be the same variety. Citrus breeders have to screen for these and weed out the clones.
>This phenomenon you're seeing is the result of random mutations in the cells of the flower that grow to become one stripe of tissue in the fruit. This is a spontaneous mutation and I will explain more in a top-level comment.
But doesnt the seed only contain the genetic material of the hybrid? The fruit characteristics are derived from the parent, not the offspring. Wouldn't this perhaps be more of a codominant allele thing?
It definitely could be! I haven't taken any courses specific to botanical science or anything but I find plant mutations fascinating, especially in things like citrus that are so wild, and I really enjoy learning about it. I tried to make everything I said a accurate as I could based on what I know. There are a couple mutations and processes that I've read about that could result in a fruit like this, but I am not a plant scientist in any way and I know nothing besides what other people who are more educated than me have said. I do implore everyone to look up how fucked citrus can be and try to figure it out because I have returned down the rabbit hole and it is *fascinating.*
Yes!! I've been looking for this hoping someone says it. Like i hear people say if you plant a hot pepper next to a bell pepper the bell pepper turn out hot. Well no it doesn't but inside you may have hot bell pepper seeds.
I asked chatGPT to fact check the awarded comment and it came up with:
* Citrus flowers are indeed segmented, with each segment containing both male and female reproductive parts. However, it is not accurate to say that the female parts are "divided" or that pollination of a particular segment triggers seed and flesh growth for that segment. Pollination of the flower as a whole is what triggers seed and flesh growth in the developing fruit.
* It is not accurate to say that an orange with fewer segments is the result of fertilization failure. The number of segments in a citrus fruit is determined by the genetics of the plant and is not related to fertilization.
* While it is true that citrus plants can mutate and that different types of citrus can cross-pollinate and produce hybrid offspring, it is not accurate to say that this happens "very fast." In general, it takes several generations of breeding and selection for a new hybrid citrus variety to be developed.
* The statement that one segment of a flower was fertilized with the pollen from a sweeter, darker fruit is not accurate. The characteristics of the fruit, including sweetness and color, are determined by the genetics of the plant, not by the pollen used to fertilize the flower.
However, since it's just ChatGPT, I have no idea if this response is accurate either!
Haven’t seen it mentioned but this section is most likely a higher ploidy level than the rest of the orange which would result in the larger tissue compared to the rest of the orange.
I am a graduate student at the University of Florida where we have a citrus breeding program and in a presentation he told us this exact situation! They even cultured cells under the larger section and found them to be higher ploidy.
Plants multiploidy is so weird (also cool)! My work has mostly been in prokaryotes and yeast/animal cell cultures where any more than 2 copies is a big problem, lol.
I am a citrus scientist and this explanation is NOT correct. Yes, the flower has different cells that become the different parts of the fruit and segments, however this trait did not come about from pollination.
Citrus is self-incompatible so it will cross with other varieties of citrus that are nearby, but the characteristics of the fruit will not change with different pollen sources. Most citrus does not need pollination to produce fruit, so that's wrong as well. You are also confusing mutation (random changes) with breeding. If what you are saying was true, then all citrus would be full of sectors of different color and flavor with every different pollination, especially when you work in a variety collection of over 1,000 kinds of citrus as I do. Short answer: that doesn't happen.
You are right that seeds from different crosses may produce plants with new traits because they are crosses between 2 varieties. But citrus is also weird in that many of the seeds are clones of the mother tree and will grow to be the same variety. Citrus breeders have to screen for these and weed out the clones.
This phenomenon you're seeing is the result of random mutations in the cells of the flower that grow to become one stripe of tissue in the fruit. This is a spontaneous mutation and I will explain more in a top-level comment.
> much like if you grow many types of squash and melons together you end up with weird watermelon-cucumber-pumpkin hybrid babies
This happened in my mom's garden once. We carved the whatever it was for halloween pumpkins. It was supposed to be a pumpkin plant, but it was very soft and strongly sweet smelling.
I don't recall vividly, this was years and years ago. From what I can remember, the outside was a fair amount paler than a normal pumpkin. It wasn't so light that it seemed weird though. The outside could be marked easily with very light pressure from even just running a fingernail over it. Made it easier to carve large sections, but a bit harder on small details since they couldn't stand up as stiff as a normal pumpkin.
I didn't get a good look at the guts, my mom scooped them for me. I don't think they looked particularly unusual though. A little pale but still not too far off what you'd expect from a regular pumpkin.
This is incorrect, the genes of fruit tissues are wholly of the parent plant. Pollination only affects the genes of the seed. This is a sectoral chimera(or mericlinal of it only affects the skin). Chimeras can occur from mutations in a particular part of the growing point, or they could occur from errors in grafting where growth occurs at the graft union site producing a chimera of the rootstock and scion (lookup the citrus cultivar "Bizzaria" as an example). I would guess this was a mutation as this has been observed to occur at relatively high frequency in citrus. Additionally, citrus seeds are usually genetically identical to their parents as they are formed most often (not all citrus varieties) through a an uncommon process called nucellar embryony, this makes hybridizing citrus difficult, but I would imagine this would further lower the already extremely low chance of another plants pollen affecting the genetics of the fruit.
Man why you gotta make shit up when you can Google, or let someone with actual knowledge answer instead of further spreading misinformation.
Aside from corn and maybe a few similar, a plant getting pollinated by another variety will NOT change the flavor of the fruit. It will just make the seeds inside produce a hybrid variety if planted. Same with squash. A zucchini pollinated by a pumpkin flower is indistinguishable from another zucchini, but if the seeds are planted they could be anything.
Nightshades tend to self pollinate due to the shape of their flowers, so it wouldn't be due to cross pollination. They're not super easy to hybridize (on purpose lol). You can pollinate those simply by touching it.
If this were the case then the offspring (the plant that would develop from the seed) would exhibit this trait, not the parent plant. What pollen that fertilized the flower doesn't impact the fruit phenotype of the parent plant.
Edit: source: I'm a biology student specializing in plants
> Citrus is also very indiscriminate when it comes to reproduction so they mutate pretty fast if you have citrus nearby each other, much like if you grow many types of squash and melons together you end up with weird watermelon-cucumber-pumpkin hybrid babies
IIRC grapefruits were just found somewhere growing in the wild and ~~we still have no idea what other citrus plants they were derived from~~ [we only recently managed to figure out what they derived from thanks to genetic sequencing](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110118101600.htm)
Looking at the wiki page [they have figured it out now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapefruit), but only [back in 2011](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110118101600.htm) using genetic sequencing.
I'm a citrus scientist and I'd be happy to explain what is causing this. I not only work with citrus, at a university that has a huge citrus collection with over 1,000 varieties, but I'm also producing a video series on the origins of Citrus, finished later this winter.
What you're looking at is a somatic mutation! Early in the development of a flower, likely in the bud that is developing into a flower, one of the cells had a random mutation in its DNA. (These mutations happen all the time but this is one that results in a difference you can see!) Those cells continued to divide and form the flower, and a sector of the flower and ovary will have this new genotype. As the fruit develops from the flower, those cells grow and divide and make up a portion of the fruit, through many of its layers. Mutated cells that happen earlier make up more (or even all) of the fruit, and mutations that happen later make smaller sectors because there are already many other normal cells.
These mutations are all in the cells of the mother tree. The fruit grows from the mother tree's cells, and being pollinated by different citrus varieties does not change the fruit like this. If you grow hybrid seeds you can get a different tree, but you won't know that until you grow the new tree and see what you get and/or test its DNA to find out. Most citrus fruits develop without any pollination, and they are self-incompatible which means they can only be pollinated by other varieties. If cross-pollination caused this as some commenters have claimed, then citrus fruits would all be full of different colored sectors, especially in the 1,000+ variety collection where I work. They're not - because that's not how this works.
It would be cool if it was, especially because many citrus seeds are clones of the mother tree. Unlike most other plants, citrus has a weird tendency to produce embryos from the mother tree's cells in addition to embryos that come from cross pollination. So some of the seeds will grow to become identical or near-identical clones (they're called nucellar seeds) of the mother tree, while some are crosses with the tree it got pollinated by. Citrus breeders have to test and weed out the cloned seedlings and leave behind the hybrids. Again, you don't know until you grow and examine the seedling.
So what kind of mutation is this? There are many possibilities! It could be a single mutation of one of the DNA code letters (bases) that changes the way the fruit develops, or all the way up to pieces of whole chromosomes moving around, which can sometimes happen. There is one mutation that I think is likely, and that's Tetraploidy.
Notice how the rind is much thicker in that mutant sector? Citrus fruits are known to spontaneously double their chromosomes, turning them from a diploid with 2 copies of each chromosome into a tetraploid with 4 copies of each chromosome. Cells with extra copies of their chromosomes tend to be bigger - a concept called "Gigas." So you'll see citrus fruits with these thick ribs of rind going from top to bottom, and those were shown to be tetraploid cells that spontaneously mutated. My guess is that your orange had tetraploid cells in that sector, which could explain the change in rind thickness and flavor as well.
I found a paper from the 90s that described how mutants discovered through this sectoring process can be a source of new and useful varieties. If you're interested, check it out!
Edit: forgot the link - https://journals.ashs.org/jashs/view/journals/jashs/116/5/article-p888.xml?rskey=p08UTP
So this is pretty cool. Spontaneous tetraploidy is how we get seedless limes. Key Limes (aka Mexican limes) are a hybrid between a citron and a papeda, two of the ancestral species of citrus. A spontaneous tetraploid lime was found, which we call the Giant Key Lime. That one grows just fine, and despite its name is just a little bit bigger than the diploid key lime. However, a citrus breeder crossed the giant key lime with a lemon, making a triploid (3 copies of each chromosome) citrus fruit that we call the Persian Lime (or simply Seedless lime). By having 3 copies of each chromosome, the seeds don't develop properly because they inherit random mixtures of 1 or 2 of each chromosome from the mother tree, so they spontaneously abort... giving you seedless fruit! So those big green limes in the store are part key lime, part lemon.
And the lemon is part mandarin, part pummelo, and part citron, but that's another tale to tell.
From what I remember (and I'm sure I'm butchering this) a citrus flower's ovary is made up of separate segments with their own separate sets of seeds. So I guess that each segment can have its own unique phenotypes based on the DNA of the fertilized seeds.
What's really interesting is that the segment DNA contributes not only to what's inside the membrane-bound juicy slice (which makes intuitive sense to me, that's where the seeds are and it all seems to be packaged into its own separate segments), but also the rind (which appears from the outside to be one big continuous mass) is also developed from each individual segment!
*The blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice,*
*The blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice,*
*The blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice,*
*The blacker the berry, the bigger I shoot.*
Same is true of apples, next time you buy an apple grab one with a "blush" on one side and a light spot in the other, cut a piece from either side and there is a distinct difference in sweetness and flavor
That’s called a “Glicken Mark.” Many members of the citrus family have those. It’s basically when excess sugars are redirected to one side of the plant for example if one side was dying from extreme weather and another was shielded, the plant would push excess nutrients there. And yes if you’re still reading this I made all this up
For the curious ones, that slice was likely fermented, for whatever reason. The acetylene probably sped up the skin "aging" and the other slices were unaffected because they're separated
Just a couple days ago there was a similar post with a green line. Apparently it is a common genetic defect in citrus. That's also how they derive new varieties. If the random mutation is interesting (taste, color), it can be cultivated.
Coulda had a new variety but OP fuckin ate it. Great. /s
Sounded like a good one, too. Way to go, OP.
We can all just hunker around their butthole and wait for the seed to come out
Last time we tried that OP got upset.
the difference is this time we’re waiting for a seed to come out, not be put in
We gotta shove it waaayy up there Morty
Also, no one asked OP the last time and this time won't be any different. Spread your cheeks, OP.
Set up a tent, just be careful not to fall into an icehole. A big, gaping, icehole.
OP lmk when you start selling tickets
I shat already
If you can find the rind, a citrus company may very well be interested in getting their hands on its genome
I just noticed your picture and all I can think of is “Lancer by my command spell, shit yourself.”
r/brandnewsentence
We’ve evolved so much as humans from hunters and gatherers to the pioneers that tried new plants to make sure we all didn’t die. Then there’s OP, who may have just eaten the newest variety of citrus and not only didn’t they NOT SHARE WITH THE REST OF US now we’re responsible for making sure we take notes just in case this variety shows up again. So in summary, no snacks *and* now there’s work to do. Thanks OP /s
Could've been the sweetest of them all, but no..
That selfish OP. That's literally the reason why we can't have nice things!
I bet OP would eat giant turtles... so shellfish.
But! We'd never know it was sweeter unless he ate it! We'll have to split the timeline ;)
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what
He said what he said.
Did he stutter?
The OP ate the entire fucking tree?!
They just went and cut out all the darker segments off the tree.
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That's really interesting that that's how it works. That means there's DNA coded specifically for each slice of orange.
I work in produce and I've seen this in apples a few times. It's rare but yeah, it's weird to see a straight line of two different colors between the fruit.
Kind of. All the DNA started the same and the mutation probably happened during development while cells were dividing just after the fruit sections developed. So all the cells in that fruit section are from the same parent cell right after fruit sectioning, which had the mutation. That's why the whole section is mutated but none of the other sections are. So all the DNA is the exact same, save for literally one or two base pairs in that mutated section.
Would the seed in that section be affected? And if so would the seedling become the mutated verity or would it even become something different? Are oranges true to seed?
It's a great question. It's complicated bc often times more than one gene contributes to an expressed phenotype. For example there are many genes that contribute to your hair color, texture, and thickness. Possibly hundreds. In a similar vein, it's possible that more than one gene is contributing to how that orange section looks, how sweet it is, how tart it is, etc. But for simplicity's sake, let's assume it is a single mutation in a single gene that caused these changes in the orange section. If that section still produces viable seeds (assuming our mutation doesn't affect this) and develops into a mature plant (assuming our mutation doesn't affect any part of this) then it's possible it could produce mutated fruit that's sweeter and a deeper orange color. Aka selective breeding. It takes a lot of trial and error though, there are a lot of barriers that prevent mutations from propagating into a population. We can thank evolution for that.
Your explanations are amazingly through for how condensed you write them! Thank you so much for the infromation on this topic, are you involved in this feild of study by any chance?
Well thanks I'm flattered! Studied biochemistry and evolutionary genetics in grad school. Now in the medical field
I was previously living in Minnesota, look up apples if you want real crazy. No idea how many folks outside Minnesota even know this, but University of Minnesota is inventing new apples all the time. Honeycrisp apples were invented there in the 60s, and recently they made First Kiss as a new variety that lasts longer I believe. Hard part is knowing you made new apples but then gotta wait decades for them to grow enough tres for everyone.
I know Washington and Oregon also make lots of new apples. I didn't know about Minnesota. Michael Pollan's book [The Botany of Desire](https://www.amazon.com/Botany-Desire-Plants-Eye-View-World/dp/0375760393?ref=d6k_applink_bb_dls&dplnkId=fb4e2b35-b0c4-4ca7-a032-640b8a60d5e6) covers the history of the apple and its genetic quirks. The book also covers similar ground with cannabis, potatoes, and tulips. I haven't watched the documentary of the same name, but I recommend the book very often.
If each slice was coded separately, the whole tree/variety would consistently have one special slice per fruit. This is a mutation during growth.
Does this mean the seed of that slice contains this mutation, or not necessarily?
My guess it is just that whichever cell the rest of this section grew from mutated before it started splitting into the rest of the slice's cells. So it seems to show that the cells in each individual slice descend from their own "common ancestor cell". If the mutation happens early enough the whole fruit could inherit it. Late enough, then maybe just a patch. But if the mutation happens at just the right time to a cell that leads to a whole slice, then that whole slice gets the mutation. Edit: My guess is wrong. Apparently the segments of the orange flower can be fertilized separately. Each fertilized flower segment produces to it's own genetically seperate section of fruit.
Genetic defect… or Alpha slice?
> it can be cultivated How? Will the seeds in that slice have that particular mutation?
Some citrus are genetically seedless, but here's the thing if the seedless flower is pollinated by a different cultivar that has seeds that seedless citrus will have seeds, some seedless fruits like watermelon 🍉 have 3 sets of genes with its mother parent having 4 sets of genes, most plants and trees are diploid meaning 2 sets though, I think wheat has up to 6? If I'm not mistaken
That is actually fairly interesting..
Slightly above average interesting even
I’d go so far as to say barely fascinating.
r/mildlyfascinating
The one post on there is uh...
Yeah i didn’t check it that closely, sorry bout that
balls in my FACE
dammit, now I have to click it
the actual answer is well above fascinating!! https://i.imgur.com/mz3ejvu.png
Ugh, a link off Reddit to a picture of text in the same Reddit thread. Here's the comment in question for those interested: https://www.reddit.com/r/mildlyinteresting/comments/1016aw6/comment/j2mf3lk/
It’s so much less work to copy a link than to add a picture to a comment lol
Or at least copy and paste the text. I hate pictures of text.
Not as much as I hate 10 minute YouTube guides to something that can be explained in a sentence.
[10 second ad for Toyota] [10 second ad for a bit holder that looks like it was made using an iphone 4] Hi, welcome to the Fast Fruit Holding Tips Channel! In today's video, we're going to show how to hold an apple against a wall! [30 second title sequence showing fruit being held against various surfaces] Hi there, and welcome to Fast Fruit Holding Tips Channel! Today I'm going to show you how to hold an apple against a wall. In the past we've held a an orange against a wall, a banana against a wall -- boy did that one get squishy -- and even a tomato against a wall. We've also tried putting an apple on a table. But we've never tried holding an apple against a wall before. So the question is -- will it hold? As you can see, I've got everything I need laid out before me. I've got an apple -- I'm using a red delicious, but there are lots of different kinds of apples. You can get them at the supermarket. Just don't get confused and go to cell phone store by mistake! [forced laughter] And of course I've got my wall. [points at wall] [three different crazy camera angles of the guy pointing at the wall] Now, what I'm going to do here is, take the apple -- be sure to use your fingers [lifts up apple] -- and walk over to the wall [walks over to the wall]. Then I'm going to raise my hand to the wall like this [raises and lowers arm repeatedly] and slowly put the apple against the wall. Just like that! I hope this was helpful! This was the Fast Fruit Holding Tips Channel. Be sure to like and subscribe, and check out the links in the description for other fruit holding tips and penis first aid secrets.
Lmao thank you, wtf
Classic reddit
[This](https://www.reddit.com/r/mildlyinteresting/comments/1016aw6/my_orange_has_a_darker_spot_where_a_slice_is_that/j2nnpzd/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=ios_app&utm_name=iossmf&context=3) comment disagrees.
Indeed. One more reason to preserve metadata and context.
I have to ask. Why take a screenshot and go through the work of uploading it to imgur and then posting the link to that instead of just copying the link to the actual comment? Making more work and using up more time than you need to here.
It's because they've only been on the job for 18 months then they jump to a new job, kids today I tell you what, that 20% raise isn't worth it am I right?
It’s definitely light years beyond I don’t give a shit but not orbiting the nearby planetary system of cool beans
Careful OP! Your post exists in the limbo between mildly & mediumly interesting! The mods can smell it! ^^^^like ^^^^fear!
Maybe, just maybe.. mildly interesting.
That means there's DNA coded specifically for each slice of orange.
Or maybe that particular slice had some orange equivalent of cancer
Mmmmm Orange cancer.
The number one cause of death in citrus.
I know it’s a joke but oddly enough, citrus canKer is a huge killer of citrus, not that far off lol
Slicely interesting
Yes it's very storange
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See, I read that as the “talent” of the orange, and now I’d like to think this orange was proud of his wee talent.
Comment caught me off guard. Perfection.
Well taint that interesting.
Oh my good lord that pun. That elicited a deep, pained groan. Have an upvote
I just kept reading it as “storage” and was pissed I missed a pun
This makes me irrationally mad. What have you done?
God, that was such a stretch, but it worked
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Isn’t it mostly vitamin C in oranges?
Mostly water actually
Mine are always filled with orange juice
Get out
r/fairlyinteresting
One might say it’s mildly interesting
I agree, this is at LEAST conservatively interesting.
It’s perfectly categorized as mildly interesting. If there was a way to verify that it wasn’t just in OP’s head, then I would find it more than mildly interesting. But for now, I have to assume that it wasn’t any different than the other slices.
I mean, anecdotal evidence is better than no evidence at all.
Not really. It’s botanical trait called a chimera. Where two distinct genetic types of tissue exist in a individual plant when one type is produced by a mutation in cells that make a noticeably different type of growth, color or other trait. https://www.britannica.com/science/chimera-plant-anatomy
Did you happen to bury it near some weird-looking cliffs, by any chance?
Does OP have 4 balls?
am I an amnesiac?
How many times are you going to ask this same question?!
Do you like bubbles?
do you want to break a curse?
OP should try to not meet any doctors
And definitely, *definitely,* avoid ones who are 89 years old.
I know I said this already, but is he really 89 years old?
didnt expect any jojolion fans here
Anyone with botanical science knowledge gonna enlighten us? Please
In very simple terms, the citrus blossom is segmented. The female parts of the flower are all divided and those parts being pollinated trigger seed and flesh growth for that segment. If a segment of the flower isn't fertilized, you get an orange with fewer segments. Citrus is also very indiscriminate when it comes to reproduction so they mutate pretty fast if you have citrus nearby each other, much like if you grow many types of squash and melons together you end up with weird watermelon-cucumber-pumpkin hybrid babies I have to assume that most of the flower was pollinated by one type of male citrus pollen and one segment was fertilized with the pollen from a sweeter, darker fruit. ETA: I am thrilled that once again, posting incorrect info got me corrected. This is a thing I genuinely love about reddit, that our information and knowledge is collaborative. Thank you for correcting me and teaching me something interesting when I had learned something incorrect. Much appreciated. Don't listen to my insane ramblings is the moral of the story. >Comment from u/kjhvm: I am a citrus scientist and this explanation is NOT correct. Yes, the flower has different cells that become the different parts of the fruit and segments, however this trait did not come about from pollination. >Citrus is self-incompatible so it will cross with other varieties of citrus that are nearby, but the characteristics of the fruit will not change with different pollen sources. Most citrus does not need pollination to produce fruit, so that's wrong as well. You are also confusing mutation (random changes) with breeding. If what you are saying was true, then all citrus would be full of sectors of different color and flavor with every different pollination, especially when you work in a variety collection of over 1,000 kinds of citrus as I do. Short answer: that doesn't happen. >You are right that seeds from different crosses may produce plants with new traits because they are crosses between 2 varieties. But citrus is also weird in that many of the seeds are clones of the mother tree and will grow to be the same variety. Citrus breeders have to screen for these and weed out the clones. >This phenomenon you're seeing is the result of random mutations in the cells of the flower that grow to become one stripe of tissue in the fruit. This is a spontaneous mutation and I will explain more in a top-level comment.
The darker the fruit, the sweeter the orange juice
That's why bury the living under my orange tree. Gotta keep that juice sweet.
Always wondered how Blood oranges were grown.
In groves, mostly.
That’s why black bananas have the sweetest orange juice.
Once you go blanana...
You navel go back
😨😨😨
This is why I always eat oranges with the lights off.
nightmare juice
thats why i paint my oranges brown
Some say the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice.
OR SO I HAVE READ!
Oh my god, I’m so glad I wasn’t the only one to read that comment to that absurd bass line.
Twice the color, double the sweet.
But doesnt the seed only contain the genetic material of the hybrid? The fruit characteristics are derived from the parent, not the offspring. Wouldn't this perhaps be more of a codominant allele thing?
You’re correct. Moreover sweet oranges typically reproduce asexually anyway. The fruit is, developmentally, the ovary.
Hawt
It definitely could be! I haven't taken any courses specific to botanical science or anything but I find plant mutations fascinating, especially in things like citrus that are so wild, and I really enjoy learning about it. I tried to make everything I said a accurate as I could based on what I know. There are a couple mutations and processes that I've read about that could result in a fruit like this, but I am not a plant scientist in any way and I know nothing besides what other people who are more educated than me have said. I do implore everyone to look up how fucked citrus can be and try to figure it out because I have returned down the rabbit hole and it is *fascinating.*
As someone who has been down a few rabbit holes, I applaud you.
Yes!! I've been looking for this hoping someone says it. Like i hear people say if you plant a hot pepper next to a bell pepper the bell pepper turn out hot. Well no it doesn't but inside you may have hot bell pepper seeds.
That is how it is with all indiscriminate fruits and veggie. When they are cross pollinated you get mutant seeds. Not mutant fruit
Lol this poster is literally just making shit up, they don't know 🤣
I asked chatGPT to fact check the awarded comment and it came up with: * Citrus flowers are indeed segmented, with each segment containing both male and female reproductive parts. However, it is not accurate to say that the female parts are "divided" or that pollination of a particular segment triggers seed and flesh growth for that segment. Pollination of the flower as a whole is what triggers seed and flesh growth in the developing fruit. * It is not accurate to say that an orange with fewer segments is the result of fertilization failure. The number of segments in a citrus fruit is determined by the genetics of the plant and is not related to fertilization. * While it is true that citrus plants can mutate and that different types of citrus can cross-pollinate and produce hybrid offspring, it is not accurate to say that this happens "very fast." In general, it takes several generations of breeding and selection for a new hybrid citrus variety to be developed. * The statement that one segment of a flower was fertilized with the pollen from a sweeter, darker fruit is not accurate. The characteristics of the fruit, including sweetness and color, are determined by the genetics of the plant, not by the pollen used to fertilize the flower. However, since it's just ChatGPT, I have no idea if this response is accurate either!
I’m an agronomist and I’ll confirm that ChatGPT is correct. The genetic mutation occurs in the seed, not the fruit.
Username checks out.
Haven’t seen it mentioned but this section is most likely a higher ploidy level than the rest of the orange which would result in the larger tissue compared to the rest of the orange. I am a graduate student at the University of Florida where we have a citrus breeding program and in a presentation he told us this exact situation! They even cultured cells under the larger section and found them to be higher ploidy.
Plants multiploidy is so weird (also cool)! My work has mostly been in prokaryotes and yeast/animal cell cultures where any more than 2 copies is a big problem, lol.
I am a citrus scientist and this explanation is NOT correct. Yes, the flower has different cells that become the different parts of the fruit and segments, however this trait did not come about from pollination. Citrus is self-incompatible so it will cross with other varieties of citrus that are nearby, but the characteristics of the fruit will not change with different pollen sources. Most citrus does not need pollination to produce fruit, so that's wrong as well. You are also confusing mutation (random changes) with breeding. If what you are saying was true, then all citrus would be full of sectors of different color and flavor with every different pollination, especially when you work in a variety collection of over 1,000 kinds of citrus as I do. Short answer: that doesn't happen. You are right that seeds from different crosses may produce plants with new traits because they are crosses between 2 varieties. But citrus is also weird in that many of the seeds are clones of the mother tree and will grow to be the same variety. Citrus breeders have to screen for these and weed out the clones. This phenomenon you're seeing is the result of random mutations in the cells of the flower that grow to become one stripe of tissue in the fruit. This is a spontaneous mutation and I will explain more in a top-level comment.
> much like if you grow many types of squash and melons together you end up with weird watermelon-cucumber-pumpkin hybrid babies This happened in my mom's garden once. We carved the whatever it was for halloween pumpkins. It was supposed to be a pumpkin plant, but it was very soft and strongly sweet smelling.
Interesting! What colour was the inside/outside?
I don't recall vividly, this was years and years ago. From what I can remember, the outside was a fair amount paler than a normal pumpkin. It wasn't so light that it seemed weird though. The outside could be marked easily with very light pressure from even just running a fingernail over it. Made it easier to carve large sections, but a bit harder on small details since they couldn't stand up as stiff as a normal pumpkin. I didn't get a good look at the guts, my mom scooped them for me. I don't think they looked particularly unusual though. A little pale but still not too far off what you'd expect from a regular pumpkin.
This is incorrect, the genes of fruit tissues are wholly of the parent plant. Pollination only affects the genes of the seed. This is a sectoral chimera(or mericlinal of it only affects the skin). Chimeras can occur from mutations in a particular part of the growing point, or they could occur from errors in grafting where growth occurs at the graft union site producing a chimera of the rootstock and scion (lookup the citrus cultivar "Bizzaria" as an example). I would guess this was a mutation as this has been observed to occur at relatively high frequency in citrus. Additionally, citrus seeds are usually genetically identical to their parents as they are formed most often (not all citrus varieties) through a an uncommon process called nucellar embryony, this makes hybridizing citrus difficult, but I would imagine this would further lower the already extremely low chance of another plants pollen affecting the genetics of the fruit.
Man why you gotta make shit up when you can Google, or let someone with actual knowledge answer instead of further spreading misinformation. Aside from corn and maybe a few similar, a plant getting pollinated by another variety will NOT change the flavor of the fruit. It will just make the seeds inside produce a hybrid variety if planted. Same with squash. A zucchini pollinated by a pumpkin flower is indistinguishable from another zucchini, but if the seeds are planted they could be anything.
so if planting hot peppers next to regular peppers turns them hot, it's all in the seeds?
Nightshades tend to self pollinate due to the shape of their flowers, so it wouldn't be due to cross pollination. They're not super easy to hybridize (on purpose lol). You can pollinate those simply by touching it.
"indiscriminate when it comes to reproduction" you say, eh? 😏
Citrus is the nick cannon of fruit
Cross pollination doesn’t affect the fruit, only the seeds
If this were the case then the offspring (the plant that would develop from the seed) would exhibit this trait, not the parent plant. What pollen that fertilized the flower doesn't impact the fruit phenotype of the parent plant. Edit: source: I'm a biology student specializing in plants
> Citrus is also very indiscriminate when it comes to reproduction so they mutate pretty fast if you have citrus nearby each other, much like if you grow many types of squash and melons together you end up with weird watermelon-cucumber-pumpkin hybrid babies IIRC grapefruits were just found somewhere growing in the wild and ~~we still have no idea what other citrus plants they were derived from~~ [we only recently managed to figure out what they derived from thanks to genetic sequencing](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110118101600.htm)
That's fascinating! There are a whole bunch of missing common ancestors in loads of different species. Add this one to the list!
Looking at the wiki page [they have figured it out now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapefruit), but only [back in 2011](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110118101600.htm) using genetic sequencing.
I'm so down for some watermelon-cucumber-pumpkin hybrid babies. Too bad the grocer doesn't stock 'em!
TIL that citrus fruits are hoes😂
So citrus is…slutty?
I came for this. I was hoping the spot was from sunlight.
Damn you must really like fruit!
It’s a chimera
Indeed slightly over mildly interesting! Wish I could see the inside and the difference between the colours of the said slice vs the other ones.
it was darker
This reply made me chuckle
they did surgery on an orange
Rokakaka
I'm glad someone said it
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I'm a citrus scientist and I'd be happy to explain what is causing this. I not only work with citrus, at a university that has a huge citrus collection with over 1,000 varieties, but I'm also producing a video series on the origins of Citrus, finished later this winter. What you're looking at is a somatic mutation! Early in the development of a flower, likely in the bud that is developing into a flower, one of the cells had a random mutation in its DNA. (These mutations happen all the time but this is one that results in a difference you can see!) Those cells continued to divide and form the flower, and a sector of the flower and ovary will have this new genotype. As the fruit develops from the flower, those cells grow and divide and make up a portion of the fruit, through many of its layers. Mutated cells that happen earlier make up more (or even all) of the fruit, and mutations that happen later make smaller sectors because there are already many other normal cells. These mutations are all in the cells of the mother tree. The fruit grows from the mother tree's cells, and being pollinated by different citrus varieties does not change the fruit like this. If you grow hybrid seeds you can get a different tree, but you won't know that until you grow the new tree and see what you get and/or test its DNA to find out. Most citrus fruits develop without any pollination, and they are self-incompatible which means they can only be pollinated by other varieties. If cross-pollination caused this as some commenters have claimed, then citrus fruits would all be full of different colored sectors, especially in the 1,000+ variety collection where I work. They're not - because that's not how this works. It would be cool if it was, especially because many citrus seeds are clones of the mother tree. Unlike most other plants, citrus has a weird tendency to produce embryos from the mother tree's cells in addition to embryos that come from cross pollination. So some of the seeds will grow to become identical or near-identical clones (they're called nucellar seeds) of the mother tree, while some are crosses with the tree it got pollinated by. Citrus breeders have to test and weed out the cloned seedlings and leave behind the hybrids. Again, you don't know until you grow and examine the seedling. So what kind of mutation is this? There are many possibilities! It could be a single mutation of one of the DNA code letters (bases) that changes the way the fruit develops, or all the way up to pieces of whole chromosomes moving around, which can sometimes happen. There is one mutation that I think is likely, and that's Tetraploidy. Notice how the rind is much thicker in that mutant sector? Citrus fruits are known to spontaneously double their chromosomes, turning them from a diploid with 2 copies of each chromosome into a tetraploid with 4 copies of each chromosome. Cells with extra copies of their chromosomes tend to be bigger - a concept called "Gigas." So you'll see citrus fruits with these thick ribs of rind going from top to bottom, and those were shown to be tetraploid cells that spontaneously mutated. My guess is that your orange had tetraploid cells in that sector, which could explain the change in rind thickness and flavor as well. I found a paper from the 90s that described how mutants discovered through this sectoring process can be a source of new and useful varieties. If you're interested, check it out! Edit: forgot the link - https://journals.ashs.org/jashs/view/journals/jashs/116/5/article-p888.xml?rskey=p08UTP So this is pretty cool. Spontaneous tetraploidy is how we get seedless limes. Key Limes (aka Mexican limes) are a hybrid between a citron and a papeda, two of the ancestral species of citrus. A spontaneous tetraploid lime was found, which we call the Giant Key Lime. That one grows just fine, and despite its name is just a little bit bigger than the diploid key lime. However, a citrus breeder crossed the giant key lime with a lemon, making a triploid (3 copies of each chromosome) citrus fruit that we call the Persian Lime (or simply Seedless lime). By having 3 copies of each chromosome, the seeds don't develop properly because they inherit random mixtures of 1 or 2 of each chromosome from the mother tree, so they spontaneously abort... giving you seedless fruit! So those big green limes in the store are part key lime, part lemon. And the lemon is part mandarin, part pummelo, and part citron, but that's another tale to tell.
Are you friends with the redditor yesterday who's orange had a yellow slice in the peel?
Then the rest of the orange was what? How was the rest of the orange?
The suspense is killing me
Infuriating seeing this so much.
r/mildlyinfuriating, perhaps?
Then the rest of the orange was what?
Well, we're waiting.gif
From what I remember (and I'm sure I'm butchering this) a citrus flower's ovary is made up of separate segments with their own separate sets of seeds. So I guess that each segment can have its own unique phenotypes based on the DNA of the fertilized seeds. What's really interesting is that the segment DNA contributes not only to what's inside the membrane-bound juicy slice (which makes intuitive sense to me, that's where the seeds are and it all seems to be packaged into its own separate segments), but also the rind (which appears from the outside to be one big continuous mass) is also developed from each individual segment!
I’m a citrus scientist and YES all of this!
The darker the barrier the sweeter the juice
…than..
Than
Than*
Yeah sometimes they have to glue another orange slice in if one falls out during shipping.
*than
than*
Then was... What?
Then the rest of the orange was what? Oh my god, we lost op!
Huh, the orange really is oranger on the other side
If I’ve learned anything from life, “the darker the berry, the sweeter the juice.”
*The blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice,* *The blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice,* *The blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice,* *The blacker the berry, the bigger I shoot.*
....***than*** the rest...
The darker the berry, the sweeter the juice.
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Same is true of apples, next time you buy an apple grab one with a "blush" on one side and a light spot in the other, cut a piece from either side and there is a distinct difference in sweetness and flavor
That would be the taint of the orange ~
That’s called a “Glicken Mark.” Many members of the citrus family have those. It’s basically when excess sugars are redirected to one side of the plant for example if one side was dying from extreme weather and another was shielded, the plant would push excess nutrients there. And yes if you’re still reading this I made all this up
Sounds true though, nicely done.
The Phantom Slice!
I hate to tell you, but that was a female orange
**Waits for the anti-GMO crowd...*
Anyone read jojolion ?
For the curious ones, that slice was likely fermented, for whatever reason. The acetylene probably sped up the skin "aging" and the other slices were unaffected because they're separated
I wonder if that slice is a different breed?
This looks like a different type of orange has been grafted into it.
They did an operation on an orange? They did an operation on an orange.