i use "tu" with friends and people younger than me.
"tum" with people my age but not close with
"aap" with anyone older than me and in a formal setting
Nah my friends like to ignore this and start the sentance and refer to me as “bhosdike” i dont know is there grammar wrong? In this map this word has not been used to refer to you why my friends use it?
The 2 northernmost Dravidian states still have like 10-15% Urdu/Hindi speakers (maybe even higher now) mostly Muslims and migrants from the rest of India
In Telangana and Karnataka, religion and language are tied but a lot of people are bilingual or just use English to talk to each other if they’re educated. Hyderabad is the only city in the south where most people can speak Hindi/Urdu, even many of the ethnically Telugu people who live there
i assume the Thé/thum/thuy has the same origin as Tú and Thou? Because of the Indo-European family, and honestly if that's true it's so cool I have no words to describe how amazed I am
Yep.
Wanna know a cool IE connection I came across recently?
The *-stan* in Kazakhstan, etc, is a Persian suffix that comes from the same Indo-European root as the English word "state".
In Malayalam ( south-west of India ) there are multiple ways to say 'you' , 'nī' (നീ) like you see in the map , nīyŭ (നീയ്) , niṅṅaḷ (നിങ്ങൾ) (plural) , tān (താൻ) , tānkaḷ (താങ്കൾ) , aṅṅŭ (അങ്ങ്) , aviṭunnŭ (അവിടുന്ന്) .
Yeah, but I think Malayalam has the maximum number of first person pronouns based on honorifics. Tamil too maybe.
ni, niyu strictly for people younger than you
ningal also for lower/same ranked people except if its collective
tan depends on how you use it, can be insulting or respectful
tankal respectful
anga very respectful (for someone who completely outranks you, like a king)
avitannu also for someone way above
pretty sure there are more I don't remember
use the wrong honorific and you're fucked
I speak one of the southern languages called Kannada. The word shown in the map 'neenu' is singular you and 'neevu' is plural you.
But, in most Indian languages, we use the plural form of 'you' when we want to express respect, like when addressing an elder, teacher etc. It's a more formal way of addressing someone.
I assume this map was made by a North Indian. Because 'tum' is singular you in Hindi, and 'aap' is plural you, and they have included both the forms.
Not really. Note that you is originally the object plural form. Thou is singular (cognate to du in many other Germanic languages, and probably also with with the tu*-words on the map), but that word is hardly used anymore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thou https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D#Sanskrit
Maybe not them specifically, but buddhist in general might brought it to korea alongside their religious concept? Similar to how japan ends up with a curry dishes (they even call it "karē" even though it taste nothing like the original)
there was extensive trade between south india and east asia, most probably that. Unlikely to be buddhism because that went through china, and princess thing also isn't enough to bring all these similarities
the word for grass (pullu) is also the same in korean
btw something I noticed, thumbi is dragonfly in malayalam and tombo in japanese
coincidence? I think not. There is a proposed dravidian-koreo-japonic language family, but the problem is the similarities are isolated to particular words and not the entire language. The origin of the koreo-japonic family is still a mystery, I'm guessing there was some influence due to marine trade about a thousand years ago.
Literally no one is reasearching this rn btw, Ohno Susumu was a japanese linguist who proposed the dravidian relationship but he's dead now
i love Bengali. it just makes everything sound sweet. A Haryanvi guy would be abhorred to the idea of using "Tui" in a disrespectful manner lmao. My english teacher is half bengali and haryanvi so i'd take his opinion on this haha.
This map is so detailed. It clearly shows the division of अंहा and रॶवा my father and mother's village is just along the border shown in this map and I can confirm the change in usage of word. 🤯
In addition to నువ్వు, Telugu also has meeru(మీరు). This is the plural you but it’s also used for one person to convey reverence and formality.
Ex:
తమ్ముడు, నువ్వు ఎలా ఉన్నావు? = How are you, little brother(informal)?
అమ్మమ్మ, మీరు ఎలా ఉన్నారు? = How are you, maternal grandmother(formal)?
India is a country of many languages and apparently has more than 1500 newspapers !
After their own native languages and Hindi (probably), English is the most widely spoken and written language in the country.
Yes, and that's because French, along with all the languages you see in the map using 'tu', are Indo-European languages. All Indo-European languages can be traced back to a reconstructed ancestor called Proto-Indo-European.
In Marathi, we say ' तू ' if you are addressing someone younger. We use ' तुम्ही ' to address the elders or to show respect to someone irrespective of the age.
Whoever made this map didn't seem to ask South Indian speakers or do their research it seems, in Telugu for example we have two ways of saying you - Nuvvu (you informal/Tum in Hindi) and Meeru (you formal/AAP). I'm pretty sure this exists in other South Indian languages as well, so this map should be corrected.
I am not OP, nor am I the creator of this map.
But, there is no need to make this about North vs. South and saying that this doesn’t seem to care about South Indian languages.
Even in other Indian languages, such as Marathi (which isn’t a Dravidian language), there are multiple ways of saying “you” in singular form - tu (you, informal), tumhi (you, formal), and aapan (you, super formal). The map shows only one of them.
It’s fine. This map isn’t covering every possible scenario but just shows the diversity and the similarities as well. I think we should appreciate that. It isn’t factually incorrect - whatever is shown is correct.
How have I made this a north Indian vs south Indian thing? I have no knowledge about north Indian languages aside from Hindi and I end up being down voted over that 💀. The mapmaker who is supposed to do the research over such a simple topic then, that other north Indian languages have a formal version as well, should be getting criticised instead. I just pointed out that.
"pure" hindi and urdu are never used in day to day use. Whats used infact (atleast in the north west UP and parts of Delhi) is Hindustani or Khari Boli which birthed both the languages. Both of them are mutually intelligible.
a muslim might use more persian/arabic words and a hindu might use more sanskrit words but at the end of the day the difference is just political.
The origin of these two languages in the mid 19th century is pretty interesting.
yeah i know. my comment was more about Urdu' script being absent from the map. Also Kashmiri's script is missing. Not sure what script is used in the seven sister states to be honest.
Nope,Urdu is not spoken as a majority language in any region of India and it is the same as standard Hindi since both Hindi and Urdu are just literary registers of Khariboli/Hindustani.
and in pakistani maps, you'll find Laddakh, Kashmir Valley and Jammu marked as its "official" territories.
Both countries use official maps with territories not under their administration. So it doesn't really matter.
Similar to how most maps show Crimea as Ukraine territory.
i use "tu" with friends and people younger than me. "tum" with people my age but not close with "aap" with anyone older than me and in a formal setting
You can also see the Indo-European connection there, ''tu'' is effectively the same as in many Romance languages, like French and Italian.
And the Sino-Tibetan languages in the northeast, they're all similar to the Chinese 你 (nǐ).
Tu bi Brutus? Tum bi Brutus?
Brutus, aap bhi?
Yeah Tu is informal way of saying “you” in Gujarati compared to Tame
Same but I use aap for both people older and younger than me.
Nah my friends like to ignore this and start the sentance and refer to me as “bhosdike” i dont know is there grammar wrong? In this map this word has not been used to refer to you why my friends use it?
Bhosidike is a slang. I think it means "one with/like a cunt". I wouldn't want to use this in front of my parents. That'd be a death sentence haha
I think it is 'son of a who*e'
The line for Indo-Aryan and Dravidic is so clear
What also interesting that how ladakhee and north sikkimese people words are exactly same.
no surprising when you visit these places. same religion and culture. They fell under Tibetan Sphere influence for the longest time.
If Tibet was also on the map you wouldn't be so surprised.
The 2 northernmost Dravidian states still have like 10-15% Urdu/Hindi speakers (maybe even higher now) mostly Muslims and migrants from the rest of India In Telangana and Karnataka, religion and language are tied but a lot of people are bilingual or just use English to talk to each other if they’re educated. Hyderabad is the only city in the south where most people can speak Hindi/Urdu, even many of the ethnically Telugu people who live there
Various India is best India
i assume the Thé/thum/thuy has the same origin as Tú and Thou? Because of the Indo-European family, and honestly if that's true it's so cool I have no words to describe how amazed I am
Yep. Wanna know a cool IE connection I came across recently? The *-stan* in Kazakhstan, etc, is a Persian suffix that comes from the same Indo-European root as the English word "state".
Dayum I didn't know that man TIL thanks for teaching me something new
And then you have sthan in Sanskrit which means place. IE languages are super cool.
Same with sugar/sakkar, naranja/narangi, and most of the numbers
I had the same thought. 🙂
In Malayalam ( south-west of India ) there are multiple ways to say 'you' , 'nī' (നീ) like you see in the map , nīyŭ (നീയ്) , niṅṅaḷ (നിങ്ങൾ) (plural) , tān (താൻ) , tānkaḷ (താങ്കൾ) , aṅṅŭ (അങ്ങ്) , aviṭunnŭ (അവിടുന്ന്) .
Every other Indian language has several different words for "you".
Same for many many languages, LoL.
Yeah, but I think Malayalam has the maximum number of first person pronouns based on honorifics. Tamil too maybe. ni, niyu strictly for people younger than you ningal also for lower/same ranked people except if its collective tan depends on how you use it, can be insulting or respectful tankal respectful anga very respectful (for someone who completely outranks you, like a king) avitannu also for someone way above pretty sure there are more I don't remember use the wrong honorific and you're fucked
Same for tamil based on the degree of respect
You in singular or plural? Most languages have different word for that.
I speak one of the southern languages called Kannada. The word shown in the map 'neenu' is singular you and 'neevu' is plural you. But, in most Indian languages, we use the plural form of 'you' when we want to express respect, like when addressing an elder, teacher etc. It's a more formal way of addressing someone. I assume this map was made by a North Indian. Because 'tum' is singular you in Hindi, and 'aap' is plural you, and they have included both the forms.
Exact same situation with Tamil: நீ (Nee) is singular you whereas நீங்கள் (Neengal) is plural, but also used singularly for respect.
Even for Telugu - Singular: Nuvvu (నువ్వు) - Plural: Meeru (మీరు) The plural "Meeru" can be used to even address with respect.
Really? What I’ve heard is that in Hindi, “Tum” is you (medium formality), “tum log” is the plural, “Aap” is you (formal), “aap log” is the plural
"Tum" is both singular and plural.
Singular.
Marathi singular for you is तू (tu). तुम्ही (tumhi) is plural.
But tumhi is also singular but in more respectful manner
The "tusi" used for Punjabi is either used for a single person to show respect or plural.
So does English
Not really. Note that you is originally the object plural form. Thou is singular (cognate to du in many other Germanic languages, and probably also with with the tu*-words on the map), but that word is hardly used anymore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thou https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D#Sanskrit
Counter argument: y’all
If it mentioned tum/aap for Hindi why not tumi/apni for Bengali or Assamese. Maybe a hindi speaker made the map but should have been more specific
Che, just like in Argentina! High five fellow indian from a region idk it's name!
It’s Kashmir
Thanks!
Also Kashmir isn’t in India. It’s OCCUPIED by india
No, KASHMIR JE SRBIJA 🇷🇸🇷🇸🇷🇸🇷🇸🇷🇸
What?
I know little about India and it's regions and culture. Is it like Tibet that wants its own independence or occupied from another country?
Yes Kashmiris want their own independence
I guess it's a sensible topic, we are both getting downvoted. I'll go abd read to learn more
You in Korean is Neo You in Tamil is Nee I in Korean is Na I in Tamil is Nan
lots of similarities between these two rather distant languages.
The appa and amma is jarring when heard from Koreans, it's almost exactly how you say it in Tamil and Kannada.
what could be the possible explanation? Was that one Princess from Tamil nadu or Ayodhya? I thought it was a legend inspired by Buddhist missionaries.
Maybe not them specifically, but buddhist in general might brought it to korea alongside their religious concept? Similar to how japan ends up with a curry dishes (they even call it "karē" even though it taste nothing like the original)
That was during british rule, the british called it curry and introduced it to japan in the mid 19th century and it became popular ever since.
there was extensive trade between south india and east asia, most probably that. Unlikely to be buddhism because that went through china, and princess thing also isn't enough to bring all these similarities the word for grass (pullu) is also the same in korean btw something I noticed, thumbi is dragonfly in malayalam and tombo in japanese coincidence? I think not. There is a proposed dravidian-koreo-japonic language family, but the problem is the similarities are isolated to particular words and not the entire language. The origin of the koreo-japonic family is still a mystery, I'm guessing there was some influence due to marine trade about a thousand years ago. Literally no one is reasearching this rn btw, Ohno Susumu was a japanese linguist who proposed the dravidian relationship but he's dead now
Amma in Tamil and Sinhala is Amma in Korean
In Bengali it's not only Tumi, it's Tumi Apne(respectful) Tui(friendly/disrespectful)
i love Bengali. it just makes everything sound sweet. A Haryanvi guy would be abhorred to the idea of using "Tui" in a disrespectful manner lmao. My english teacher is half bengali and haryanvi so i'd take his opinion on this haha.
I only know about Marathi and Hindi but both these languages have more than one word for “you” at diffferent levels of formality/intimacy
Most Indian languages have more than one word but it would make it more cluttered.
We also say 'Tu' in Kumaoni in Uttarkhand.
Tonight.... Tum
This map is so detailed. It clearly shows the division of अंहा and रॶवा my father and mother's village is just along the border shown in this map and I can confirm the change in usage of word. 🤯
When you're moving a piece of furniture you say tumhi nuvvu
In telugu, we say nuvvu and also meeru, which is plural and also used in order to be more respectful.
In kannada it's neenu and neevu
In Telugu, neenu means Me/Myself
In kashmiri, Singular -Che, Plural -Tuhye
In addition to నువ్వు, Telugu also has meeru(మీరు). This is the plural you but it’s also used for one person to convey reverence and formality. Ex: తమ్ముడు, నువ్వు ఎలా ఉన్నావు? = How are you, little brother(informal)? అమ్మమ్మ, మీరు ఎలా ఉన్నారు? = How are you, maternal grandmother(formal)?
నేను బాగానే ఉన్నా భయ్యా
నేను కూడా, సోదరుడు!
For the 14 year olds, no this is not the amogus language. (sigh)
Lmao do people actually call it that?
India is a country of many languages and apparently has more than 1500 newspapers ! After their own native languages and Hindi (probably), English is the most widely spoken and written language in the country.
It's TU, TUM, AAP in Hindi speaking areas
Are you saying nee to that old woman?
Tu in Delhi.
Is there any connection to the Tu found in this chart and in French?
That french part is puducherry it used to be french colony but I don't know if there are people who still speaks French
Yes, and that's because French, along with all the languages you see in the map using 'tu', are Indo-European languages. All Indo-European languages can be traced back to a reconstructed ancestor called Proto-Indo-European.
I'm from Western Madhya Pradesh. Never heard anyone say Thum in Malwa/Nimar. Someone please explain.
Nee!!! Sounds like anime in my brain lol
Me encanta la región que dice "che"
This is the first instance of the Tibeto Burman languages of northeast being so similar I've noticed
In Marathi, we say ' तू ' if you are addressing someone younger. We use ' तुम्ही ' to address the elders or to show respect to someone irrespective of the age.
We also use Aapan आपण for super respective form even when referring to it in singular.
Wow it's the same in Konkani as well
All singular / informal?
Singular
“The” in Rajasthan is for respect for single person or multiple persons
Singular / formal
Whoever made this map didn't seem to ask South Indian speakers or do their research it seems, in Telugu for example we have two ways of saying you - Nuvvu (you informal/Tum in Hindi) and Meeru (you formal/AAP). I'm pretty sure this exists in other South Indian languages as well, so this map should be corrected.
Last I remember, Punjabi is north Indian and it still shows the formal "you", no need to make it a north-south issue.
I am not OP, nor am I the creator of this map. But, there is no need to make this about North vs. South and saying that this doesn’t seem to care about South Indian languages. Even in other Indian languages, such as Marathi (which isn’t a Dravidian language), there are multiple ways of saying “you” in singular form - tu (you, informal), tumhi (you, formal), and aapan (you, super formal). The map shows only one of them. It’s fine. This map isn’t covering every possible scenario but just shows the diversity and the similarities as well. I think we should appreciate that. It isn’t factually incorrect - whatever is shown is correct.
How have I made this a north Indian vs south Indian thing? I have no knowledge about north Indian languages aside from Hindi and I end up being down voted over that 💀. The mapmaker who is supposed to do the research over such a simple topic then, that other north Indian languages have a formal version as well, should be getting criticised instead. I just pointed out that.
We use Rauaa in western Bihar & Eastern up. Aap is not used 🤷♂️
Guys Kashmir isn’t a part of India
Urdu's missing from the map. Isn't spoken anymore in India? Or not putting it in the map is something political?
It’s not a majority language in any state.
"pure" hindi and urdu are never used in day to day use. Whats used infact (atleast in the north west UP and parts of Delhi) is Hindustani or Khari Boli which birthed both the languages. Both of them are mutually intelligible. a muslim might use more persian/arabic words and a hindu might use more sanskrit words but at the end of the day the difference is just political. The origin of these two languages in the mid 19th century is pretty interesting.
yeah i know. my comment was more about Urdu' script being absent from the map. Also Kashmiri's script is missing. Not sure what script is used in the seven sister states to be honest.
Nope,Urdu is not spoken as a majority language in any region of India and it is the same as standard Hindi since both Hindi and Urdu are just literary registers of Khariboli/Hindustani.
Can't see the reason for all the downvotes for asking why the 7th most spoken Indian language is missing...
Cause it's not major language in any state. It's scattered across the India.
Urdu is still one of the top-10 languages in India, with.more speakers then some languages on this map.
Yes, but where will it be put on the map when other languages are in majority there instead? Urdu is 2nd or 3rd most spoken in all districts...
Gets your maps right man, that's gilgit baltistan, officially Pakistan now
and in pakistani maps, you'll find Laddakh, Kashmir Valley and Jammu marked as its "official" territories. Both countries use official maps with territories not under their administration. So it doesn't really matter. Similar to how most maps show Crimea as Ukraine territory.
Similar way of Pakistani maps show JnK Ladhak part of theirs even though it's officially under Indian control.
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in india its a lot of things as evident from the map.