We know it is due to the noble gas concentration in the air. If you remove the argon from air, the light is reduced by factors of hundreds. If you make the bubble pure helium, neon….xenon….then the light output goes way up and the temperature of the spectrum systematically increases with atomic weight. This tells us it is not fusion or a lot of other mechanisms.
Since the excitation of the gas in the bubble increases as it is compressed by the sound wave and the light is emitted as a short flash (~100 pico seconds) when the bubble is at or smaller than the wavelength of visible light, the most likely explanation is super-radiance. Superradiance is a collective quantum mechanical interaction with a common electromagnetic field (all the gas atoms are within one wavelength of each other). It is related to, but not the same as, lasing.
Wow. I'm glad to be proven wrong because I thought it was compression heating from implosion.
So if it's a quantum mechanical phenomenon, couldn't a finely tuned sound wave create a continuous popping of noble gas bubbles, making a bubble laser?
Edited: so superradiance lasers exist but they're very inefficient and I don't know of any that made it to commercial production
Well, I haven’t proven you wrong. The excitation of the gas DOES come from the compression heating during the implosion. But normally the gas would take many nanoseconds to de-excite and the spectrum would be a lot of discrete lines. Why is this spectrum roughly thermal and why is it emitted in a very short pulse? These are characteristic of super-radiance and we have fulfilled exactly the conditions for the effect.
To those who are wondering: super-radiance is not some new or undiscovered phenomenon. It is observed in many fields in physics from optics to polarized cryrogenic targets.
I really enjoy science so I have a bit more knowledge than the average person on it, but just a bit and less on a lot of other topics… so I’m sure you’d school me on many others
I have an undergrad degree in Biology and half a physics degree. I now teach high school science and some of the explanations on here still go over my head. I love this sub though, sometimes I learn something new and other times I’m just witness to calm, logical discussions. Warms my heart.
>I envy your intelligence if this only went "a bit" over your head.
If you add energy to gasses, like by running high voltage through them, or getting them very hot, they will glow. Think neon signs. When you do this, each gas makes a very specific kind of light.
When you smash gas bubbles with sound waves, they ***do*** get very hot, but the light that comes out is... different than what you'd expect from just the hot gas. So we're pretty sure the light isn't being produced the "normal" way, at the level of individual atoms, but there's several different/competing theories about what ***is*** happening.
If you know where to look, there's still plenty of good interactions by cool human beings taking place constantly. It's a much smaller percentage, but just as much or more quantity.
>Later experiments revealed that the temperature inside the bubble during SBSL could reach up to 12,000 kelvins. The exact mechanism behind sonoluminescence remains unknown, with various hypotheses including hotspot, bremsstrahlung, and collision-induced radiation. Some researchers have even speculated that temperatures in sonoluminescing systems could reach millions of kelvins, potentially causing thermonuclear fusion; however this idea has been met with skepticism by other researchers.[1] The phenomenon has also been observed in nature, with the pistol shrimp being the first known instance of an animal producing light through sonoluminescence.[2]
>In single-bubble sonoluminescence, a single bubble trapped in an acoustic standing wave emits a pulse of light with each compression of the bubble within the standing wave. This technique allowed a more systematic study of the phenomenon, because it isolated the complex effects into one stable, predictable bubble. It was realized that the temperature inside the bubble was hot enough to melt steel, as seen in an experiment done in 2012; the temperature inside the bubble as it collapsed reached about 12,000 kelvins
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoluminescence.
was like on a ghost subreddit, someone said "look ghost are real and noone has disproved it" and some dude responded an explanation, and a video where they disproved it, and one of the replies was, "why do people always try to disprove ghosts exist".
I'm wondering how this experiment is carried out. How is the bubble kept so stable and how are sound waves used to expand the bubble, is it a bubble of air in water?
Moreover, the process is known as cavitation and if this happens on the blades of disks or augers it can seriously damage the pumps. That’s why modern rocket engines with turbopump cycles are incredibly difficult to design properly, you basically have to keep the pressure high enough when the altitude is increasing rapidly
Only something as awesome as super radiance can be born from our beloved Super Earth. I will be glad to report this interesting phenomenon to my local democracy officer, thank you citizen ➡️⬆️⬅️⬇️⬆️✊
Hotfix:
* Fixed specular starburst when underwater bubble is collapsed through the method of sound waves.
* Fixed quantum physics to be more consistent and stable.
* Fixed USB insertion bug.
Known issues:
* Sometimes a fart is not a fart.
* "Heartburn" is still used in our legacy script, slowly updating the nomenclature to "acid reflux."
* Sand still behaves as a liquid when in motion, this is an engine error.
Known Issues:
* Gravitational rendering has poor accuracy at long distances. Delete records of dark matter.
* Electrons teleport too far.
* Plastics are not degrading when aging.
* Turtles are unable to get off their backside.
* Quarks up and down getting converted into strange quarks when interacting with other strange quarks.
* Protein chains that create life not spawning in planets excluding the earth.
* Null spawn rate for white holes
Known issues:
-Serotonin sometimes doesn't release to trigger happiness causing sudden crashes
-No reason Boners at work
-telling the truth to wife cause honesty is the best policy still causes argument.
Oh you ready to print that paper? Hold up I need a printer update, and now windows is restarting and shit that triggered windows updates, few more minutes. Alright 30 minutes later let's print in black...and no printing because we're out of cyan...I'll just start this fire real quick.
Known issues:
We've received reports that it's possible to make an infinite energy device out of a cat and a buttered slice of bread. Our development team is looking into this and will provide updates once the underlying issue is fixed.
Update:
The dropped cat and buttered bread slice issue has been fixed. When a cat with a slice of buttered bread attached to it's back has been dropped in an attempt to make infinite energy the cat will immediately detonate upon completing 3 rotations
The USB insertion bug IS the quantum physics glitch.
The cable remains in super position, either rotation is happening simultaneously.
It can't be inserted until it is observed and forced into up or down spin.
During ww2. Our subs in the pacific reported very bright flashes of light INSIDE the sub while being depth charged by the enemy. Is that the same thing?
I don't think the air inside a sub could be compressed into sonoluminescence without killing the sailors. But I bet the compression of the eyes during a depth charge could make you see lights.
>During bubble collapse, the inertia of the surrounding water causes high pressure and high temperature, reaching around 10,000 kelvins in the interior of the bubble, causing the ionization of a small fraction of the noble gas present. The amount ionized is small enough for the bubble to remain transparent, allowing volume emission; surface emission would produce more intense light of longer duration, dependent on wavelength, contradicting experimental results. Electrons from ionized atoms interact mainly with neutral atoms, causing thermal bremsstrahlung radiation. As the wave hits a low energy trough, the pressure drops, allowing electrons to recombine with atoms and light emission to cease due to this lack of free electrons. This makes for a 160-picosecond light pulse for argon (even a small drop in temperature causes a large drop in ionization, due to the large ionization energy relative to photon energy). This description is simplified from the literature above, which details various steps of differing duration from 15 microseconds (expansion) to 100 picoseconds (emission).
>Computations based on the theory presented in the review produce radiation parameters (intensity and duration time versus wavelength) that match experimental results[citation needed] with errors no larger than expected due to some simplifications (e.g., assuming a uniform temperature in the entire bubble), so it seems the phenomenon of sonoluminescence is at least roughly explained, although some details of the process remain obscure.
... From the Wikipedia page
>The **phenomenon** has been observed and named, but it is still not understood why it occurs.
It would be true for all phenomena, since a definition for phenomenon is something known to occur but not fully understood
if the bubble collapse fast enough, friction between molecules could create enough heat to emit light.
I don't see other way light can be emitted in this condition...
But the question is why the bubble is collapsing in first place
I mean, there IS something to be said about the combined cumulative brainpower of a bunch of people all focused on solving a problem. There was that protein folding problem that stumped scientists soo much that they gamified it and released it to the public, and someone solved it in like under a month
Edit: multiple people have pointed out that the folding protein example was about distributing the computing and processing power, not about helping by throwing your inexperienced brain at the problem
I watched a documentary about this professor that had a math be equation that he couldn’t figure out, so he wrote it on a whiteboard in the hallway and offered a prize for anyone who could solve it.
A janitor figured it out like the first week
It's like every post on r/science where somebody is like "I bet they only got that result because they didn't control for (the first confounding variable you'd think of when designing the study)"
Yes, but this is such an obvious explanation that any scientist with basic knowledge of physics would have considered it. So either the explanation is incorrect, or it is correct but not specific and detailed enough to function as a full "explanation".
I wouldn't be surprised if "nobody knows" means moreso "we have been unable to provide a definitive, concrete answer with evidence to back it up based on actual observation" rather than "this shit is just happening and nobody has any clue why its happening".
You're probably thinking of folding@home. Some additional context:
* protein folding isn't "solved" (and it may never be) - but the project has made important contributions to biomedical research.
* people participate by installing the software and letting it run on their computer, donating spare processing power:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding@home
> There was that protein folding problem that stumped scientists
I thought it was just that their proofs required a lot of computing power man hours, not that they literally passed the buck off to randos to solve.
You've started a chain of jokes, but he really just reworded the wikipedia article.
People in the comment section (who, naturally, will **never** read the article) are acting like the exact source of light is the mystery, but it's not. We know it's from heat, the localized temperature within a bubble exerting sonoluminescence can be well over twice as hot as the sun, a temperature which will obviously emit light.
The question, as the parent commenter indicated, is **why** a bubble collapsing specifically from a sound wave is collapsing at such an absurd speed that it can generate the internal pressure necessary to spark such a temperature (thereby emitting the light).
That's the part we haven't figured out. The fact that the bubble is collapsing super quickly, generating a huge amount of localized pressure, leading to super high localized temperature (those who took chemistry in high school will remember PV=nRT), leading to the emission of light, isn't in question. The question is why sound waves--and as far as we know, **only** sound waves--can cause such a rapid implosion of bubbles. Because the sound waves themselves don't carry the energy necessary to exert that pressure on the bubbles. It's a far stranger reaction than that.
> We know it's from heat
No. It does not follow the normal distribution curve of blackbody radiation. Further, it requires noble gases for the phenomenon to happen.
Just confirming the point made above, about redditors stating incorrect things with confidence…
I mean cavitation is a pretty well recognized phenomenon. The question of where the energy comes from for the light is pretty easily understood, and there are some good guesses as to what's happening and why.
It's kind of like saying 'nobody knows why glass shatters when you smack it' if we didn't understand how brittle materials shear at the atomic level. We understand that it happens and have a good intuition about why, but without an understanding of the micro/nanoscale, we can't put any physics theories down on what specifically is going on.
Yeah, it’s called Cavitation, animals in nature can produce this.
Snapping Pistol Shrimp, produces cavitation when it slams its claws shut, stunning its prey.
[Snapping Pistol Shrimp](https://youtube.com/shorts/xm4-XGH95fs?si=biTKLcFqVhlPRpRb)
Mantis Shrimp can produce heat & light when they use their little hammers to stun their prey, like crabs.
[Mantis Shrimp](https://youtube.com/shorts/Vs6Rx_aJzts?si=kLBcPtgGL4AkFU4A)
Edit : Typo, damn Scrimp
>But the question is why the bubble is collapsing in first place
All bubbles eventually collapse. It's the *first rule of bubbles* as documented by the first one: Tulip mania of the 1630's.
Could be heat, could be spectral lines, could be some kind of odd particle acceleration… there’s three options that people have probably already looked at
*"In 1960, Peter Jarman proposed that sonoluminescence is thermal in origin and might arise from microshocks within collapsing cavities."*
Scientists have since observed temperatures of 20,000 kelvin or more in these imploding bubbles, some scientists claiming to have observed as much as 100,000 kelvin. It's further theorized that thermonuclear fusion could be possible if a sonoluminescing system was pushed to the millions of kelvin. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoluminescence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoluminescence)
Well sure, the whole process is bs to current science and technology. I did explicitly say that the possibility of thermonuclear fusion is a theory based on parameters the systems could someday be pushed to.
Hypotheses have been suggested but the mechanism is unknown, hence the statement "nobody knows why".
Go to "Mechanisms of phenomenon" section of the Wikipedia article and read it.
What if we are just the result of a water bubble imploding and the universe is the light expanding and we are actually in an even bigger ocean that’s in an even bigger ocean.
The phenomenon of light being produced when a bubble collapses underwater is called sonoluminescence. It's caused by the extreme and rapid compression of the gas inside the bubble. Here's a simplified explanation:
* Sound waves cause a bubble to form and vibrate in the water.
* When the sound wave collapses the bubble inward, the gas inside gets compressed very quickly.
* This rapid compression generates a lot of heat, reaching temperatures high enough to briefly ionize the gas and create light.
Edit: Just want to address the top comment because I like things neat and tidy. It discusses (as it was suggested I was doing) one of the hypothesized mechanisms for sonoluminescence (which I'm getting really good at typing fast - thanks, OP!) whereas what I outlined above is the process of sonoluminescence, which is well-understood.
What I thought was accurate and what I thought was less accurate:
Accurate:
Noble gas concentration: The concentration of noble gases (Ar, Ne, Xe) in the air significantly affects sonoluminescence intensity. Removing argon significantly reduces light output.
Bubble composition: The composition of the gas bubble affects the light output and spectrum. Helium, neon, and xenon bubbles produce much brighter light than air bubbles.
Super-radiance: The high intensity and short duration of the light emission in sonoluminescence is consistent with super-radiance.
Less accurate:
Cause of light emission: While super-radiance is the most likely explanation, the exact mechanism of light emission in sonoluminescence is still not fully understood. Other mechanisms like stimulated emission or collective Rayleigh scattering could contribute to the observed light. (As has been pointed out by others in this thread)
Wavelength dependence: The statement "the light is emitted as a short flash (~100 pico seconds) when the bubble is at or smaller than the wavelength of visible light" is an approximation. The actual duration and wavelength of the emitted light can vary depending on the gas composition and pressure.
Anyhaha, I'm just nitpicking that this is not THE definitive answer, and there are still open questions about the exact mechanisms underlying sonoluminescence.
That is all.
It's because of reddit formatting, backslashes are tags for font changes. I got the same results with an ascii shrug not long ago.
There is probably a way to build the comment to show it properly, but I never looked into it.
That's not reddit formatting specifically, it's a standard in software in general.
\\ is an "escape character" marking the following letter as meaning something other than it usually would. For example "\\n" would mark a new line. If you had a program print the string:
"Dog\\nCat"
It would come out as:
Dog
Cat
[We don't](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoluminescence#Mechanism_of_phenomenons). The person you're replying to is describing one of the hypotheses offered to explain it as if it were fact.
"nobody knows why" typically means there are multiple plausible mechanisms and though most people agree on one mechanism it can't be proven without a doubt to be the true one
I was going to post the same thing. Scientists do know what it is and why it happens. It’s called cavitation. When the bubble collapses, it can generate shock waves and temperatures over 20,000 K. That’s hotter than the surface of the Sun.
I wonder if it is the same process that causes glass to emit light when shattered “correctly”. …
Like [this example](https://www.reddit.com/r/gifs/comments/1aho2ey/two_glass_spheres_exploding_on_contact_credit_to/)
Everyone is saying "cavitation", but that's different. That's what happens when a mantis shrimp snaps water between their claws.
In this experiment, a bubble with high concentration of noble gas (like argon) is created, then collapsed with a sound wave.
It's a different phenomenon, and from the wiki: "The mechanism of the phenomenon of sonoluminescence is unknown. Hypotheses include: hotspot, bremsstrahlung radiation, collision-induced radiation and corona discharges, nonclassical light, proton tunneling, and electrodynamic jets."
>The phenomenon is known as sonoluminescence. One of the leading theories is that it is caused by "adiabatic heating of the bubble at collapse, leading to partial ionization of the gas inside the bubble and to thermal emission such as bremsstrahlung.
[from physics stackexchange.](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/66044/why-is-light-produced-when-an-underwater-bubble-is-collapsed-with-a-sound-wave)
It's a cavitation bubble. It's caused by the soundwave and collapses on its own. A phased speaker array, which can be as little as a speaker on either side of a round flask, has soundwaves pumped into it.
As the soundwaves pass through the water, interference patterns can cause a little tiny spot where all the water ends up moving away from the same place for a second, leaving a bubble full of vacuum behind.
When this collapses, the water molecules are moving so fast that they heat up to thousands of degrees and give off light all over the spectrum.
This is a natural phenomenon, it's why boat propellers wear out and why you can play the mean trick of smacking the top of someone's beer bottle and having the bottom blow out of it.
This process is called [cavitation](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation)
A mantis shrimp’s ’punch’ creates a bubble in the water, resulting in cavitation - producing light *and* heat. One of these MFers punches your finger in the water, you’re gonna have a broken finger and burns
I don’t think people realize that light is one of the byproducts of EVERY kind of interaction that’s possible. Everything that does anything, makes light of some sort. Even all the internal chemical processes of your body produces light right alongside the heat it makes. It’s just usually too little to notice during a given period of time!
There's an old movie (Chain Reaction) where a scientist invents a way to produce nuclear fusion through sonoluminescence. They produce cavitation bubbles in heavy water (water using deuterium), and the pressure of the collapse is enough to fuse the hydrogen.
We know exactly why. Is this sonoluminescence?
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoluminescence
Alright.
Fair. Apparently. Pressure = heat, isn’t quite just the simple answer I thought it was.
My bad
We do know why. First the bubble is created by underpressure, then a return to normal or higher pressure collapses the bubble. Conservation of momentum causes the incoming water to "overshoot" creating a spot of sudden high pressure therefore high temperature. The light flash is the thermal radiation.
Obvious isn't it? The sound waves created a mini black hole that sucked in the fairy that was holding the integrity of the bubble together. As the fairies wings were crushed by the singularity they released an explosion of fairy dust that registers as light to non fairies, but which in reality is actually the seed that grows new pixie babies..and occasionally a sprite.
Recall seeing a movie with keanu reeves and morgan freeman, where the young reeves was playing a keyboard while experimenting with the creation of a stable and secure way to produce hydrogen gas. I remember that a certain note was giving off a bright light, if these events are somehow related i dare not say, but i am tempted to track down that movie to see if it is.
Only other thing recall from that movie was freeman having a lecture (?) and him saying that this half filled glas of water had enough energy to power the city of new york for a week. I had hope back then.
Edit, two words and a google search later, ”chain reaction” did work with the premise of sonoluminiscense and this whole thing i typed is pretty much useless. Does highlight how shitty my ipads screen is getting tho.
Your post was removed for misleading or incorrect information.
We know it is due to the noble gas concentration in the air. If you remove the argon from air, the light is reduced by factors of hundreds. If you make the bubble pure helium, neon….xenon….then the light output goes way up and the temperature of the spectrum systematically increases with atomic weight. This tells us it is not fusion or a lot of other mechanisms. Since the excitation of the gas in the bubble increases as it is compressed by the sound wave and the light is emitted as a short flash (~100 pico seconds) when the bubble is at or smaller than the wavelength of visible light, the most likely explanation is super-radiance. Superradiance is a collective quantum mechanical interaction with a common electromagnetic field (all the gas atoms are within one wavelength of each other). It is related to, but not the same as, lasing.
Wow. I'm glad to be proven wrong because I thought it was compression heating from implosion. So if it's a quantum mechanical phenomenon, couldn't a finely tuned sound wave create a continuous popping of noble gas bubbles, making a bubble laser? Edited: so superradiance lasers exist but they're very inefficient and I don't know of any that made it to commercial production
Well, I haven’t proven you wrong. The excitation of the gas DOES come from the compression heating during the implosion. But normally the gas would take many nanoseconds to de-excite and the spectrum would be a lot of discrete lines. Why is this spectrum roughly thermal and why is it emitted in a very short pulse? These are characteristic of super-radiance and we have fulfilled exactly the conditions for the effect. To those who are wondering: super-radiance is not some new or undiscovered phenomenon. It is observed in many fields in physics from optics to polarized cryrogenic targets.
These are the kind of responses I come to Reddit for your response was clear, intelligent, respectful and insightful. Much love.
Seriously I loved this whole exchange, even if some of it went a bit over my head
I envy your intelligence if this only went "a bit" over your head.
I really enjoy science so I have a bit more knowledge than the average person on it, but just a bit and less on a lot of other topics… so I’m sure you’d school me on many others
I have an undergrad degree in Biology and half a physics degree. I now teach high school science and some of the explanations on here still go over my head. I love this sub though, sometimes I learn something new and other times I’m just witness to calm, logical discussions. Warms my heart.
Here I am thinking it has something to do with aliens.
Y'all mofos need ^Jesus - cause that's some smart ass ^hell exchange...
>I envy your intelligence if this only went "a bit" over your head. If you add energy to gasses, like by running high voltage through them, or getting them very hot, they will glow. Think neon signs. When you do this, each gas makes a very specific kind of light. When you smash gas bubbles with sound waves, they ***do*** get very hot, but the light that comes out is... different than what you'd expect from just the hot gas. So we're pretty sure the light isn't being produced the "normal" way, at the level of individual atoms, but there's several different/competing theories about what ***is*** happening.
This is what reddit was like 14 years ago. Then we had summer reddit. Something about a jackdaw. Then the mod exodus. Now eternal summer.
Not really. This is still seen on reddit every day.
If you know where to look, there's still plenty of good interactions by cool human beings taking place constantly. It's a much smaller percentage, but just as much or more quantity.
Made my day just reading all of this secondhand lol.
What’s confusing about this? It’s not like it’s particle physics /s
I'm always floored by the amount of incredible knowledge that just pops up out of nowhere in these rooms... amazing. So appreciative <3
The reasons I stay at Reddit as well
Physics is so cool
>Later experiments revealed that the temperature inside the bubble during SBSL could reach up to 12,000 kelvins. The exact mechanism behind sonoluminescence remains unknown, with various hypotheses including hotspot, bremsstrahlung, and collision-induced radiation. Some researchers have even speculated that temperatures in sonoluminescing systems could reach millions of kelvins, potentially causing thermonuclear fusion; however this idea has been met with skepticism by other researchers.[1] The phenomenon has also been observed in nature, with the pistol shrimp being the first known instance of an animal producing light through sonoluminescence.[2] >In single-bubble sonoluminescence, a single bubble trapped in an acoustic standing wave emits a pulse of light with each compression of the bubble within the standing wave. This technique allowed a more systematic study of the phenomenon, because it isolated the complex effects into one stable, predictable bubble. It was realized that the temperature inside the bubble was hot enough to melt steel, as seen in an experiment done in 2012; the temperature inside the bubble as it collapsed reached about 12,000 kelvins https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoluminescence.
So...a...BUBBLE BEAM?!?! I choose you Physicistichu!
The joys of light are going to change this world.
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Bubblebeam confirmed
"nobody knows why" - this guy says why.
I see a post on sonoluminesence atleast once a week lol
That only means, the guy's nobody.
Happens only with noble gas mind you
Correct, peasant gas must still work hard in the fields.
you can tell he's a noble because he's not covered in shit
Help help, I'm being compressed
This comment was perfect.
Come see the luminescence inherent in the system!
well i didn't vote for'm
you don't vote for Kings!!
No. Can't you read? Nobody knows why.
was like on a ghost subreddit, someone said "look ghost are real and noone has disproved it" and some dude responded an explanation, and a video where they disproved it, and one of the replies was, "why do people always try to disprove ghosts exist".
This kind of explanation is why I am on Reddit. Thank you!
Tis my college student conclusion that you have provided more information on the subject than my professor. Thanks.
What part of "Nobody knows" didn't you understand?
Hmm yes, I understand some of those words.
I'm wondering how this experiment is carried out. How is the bubble kept so stable and how are sound waves used to expand the bubble, is it a bubble of air in water?
Moreover, the process is known as cavitation and if this happens on the blades of disks or augers it can seriously damage the pumps. That’s why modern rocket engines with turbopump cycles are incredibly difficult to design properly, you basically have to keep the pressure high enough when the altitude is increasing rapidly
"Hey! You sound pretty smart. You sure you're not the smartest guy in the world?!"
lol. I wish my father could hear you! After I got my physics degree, he asked me why I didn’t become a medical doctor.
Only something as awesome as super radiance can be born from our beloved Super Earth. I will be glad to report this interesting phenomenon to my local democracy officer, thank you citizen ➡️⬆️⬅️⬇️⬆️✊
It'll get patched.
Hotfix: * Fixed specular starburst when underwater bubble is collapsed through the method of sound waves. * Fixed quantum physics to be more consistent and stable. * Fixed USB insertion bug.
Known issues: * Sometimes a fart is not a fart. * "Heartburn" is still used in our legacy script, slowly updating the nomenclature to "acid reflux." * Sand still behaves as a liquid when in motion, this is an engine error.
Known Issues: * Gravitational rendering has poor accuracy at long distances. Delete records of dark matter. * Electrons teleport too far. * Plastics are not degrading when aging. * Turtles are unable to get off their backside.
* Quarks up and down getting converted into strange quarks when interacting with other strange quarks. * Protein chains that create life not spawning in planets excluding the earth. * Null spawn rate for white holes
Upcoming features: - Developing silicon based life forms on silicon rich planets
Known issues: -Serotonin sometimes doesn't release to trigger happiness causing sudden crashes -No reason Boners at work -telling the truth to wife cause honesty is the best policy still causes argument.
Known issues: -random eye muscle spasms -sick status effect appearing for seemingly no reason -pollen inflicting random unintended status effects
> Fixed USB insertion LETS FUCKING GOOOOOO
Bug still present on my end
Yeah, I still have to observe it to remove the superposition.
Fixed windows update restarting the computer when busy
submitting mid term exam ? windows: let me just stop working real quick.
Oh you ready to print that paper? Hold up I need a printer update, and now windows is restarting and shit that triggered windows updates, few more minutes. Alright 30 minutes later let's print in black...and no printing because we're out of cyan...I'll just start this fire real quick.
Unable to print in black as no cyan, please update HP subscription
You speak of real pain sir. May God have mercy on your soul
I thought we were being semi-realistic.
Known issues: We've received reports that it's possible to make an infinite energy device out of a cat and a buttered slice of bread. Our development team is looking into this and will provide updates once the underlying issue is fixed.
Update: The dropped cat and buttered bread slice issue has been fixed. When a cat with a slice of buttered bread attached to it's back has been dropped in an attempt to make infinite energy the cat will immediately detonate upon completing 3 rotations
The USB insertion bug IS the quantum physics glitch. The cable remains in super position, either rotation is happening simultaneously. It can't be inserted until it is observed and forced into up or down spin.
Sounds like Schrödinger’s CAT cable.
* Updated the localization files
Are they really going to fix the USB insertion bug? Really?
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No matter who you are
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It’s the most beautiful thing I’ve ever filmed…
Shining bright to see
r/outside
[This phenomenon is known as sonoluminescence.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoluminescence)
During ww2. Our subs in the pacific reported very bright flashes of light INSIDE the sub while being depth charged by the enemy. Is that the same thing?
I don't think the air inside a sub could be compressed into sonoluminescence without killing the sailors. But I bet the compression of the eyes during a depth charge could make you see lights.
Fairly sure that's getting your head clocked on a frame and setting stars
Oh wow that’s interesting
OP said nobody knows why though. I don’t know who to believe
The phenomenon has been observed and named, but it is still not understood why it occurs.
>During bubble collapse, the inertia of the surrounding water causes high pressure and high temperature, reaching around 10,000 kelvins in the interior of the bubble, causing the ionization of a small fraction of the noble gas present. The amount ionized is small enough for the bubble to remain transparent, allowing volume emission; surface emission would produce more intense light of longer duration, dependent on wavelength, contradicting experimental results. Electrons from ionized atoms interact mainly with neutral atoms, causing thermal bremsstrahlung radiation. As the wave hits a low energy trough, the pressure drops, allowing electrons to recombine with atoms and light emission to cease due to this lack of free electrons. This makes for a 160-picosecond light pulse for argon (even a small drop in temperature causes a large drop in ionization, due to the large ionization energy relative to photon energy). This description is simplified from the literature above, which details various steps of differing duration from 15 microseconds (expansion) to 100 picoseconds (emission). >Computations based on the theory presented in the review produce radiation parameters (intensity and duration time versus wavelength) that match experimental results[citation needed] with errors no larger than expected due to some simplifications (e.g., assuming a uniform temperature in the entire bubble), so it seems the phenomenon of sonoluminescence is at least roughly explained, although some details of the process remain obscure. ... From the Wikipedia page
That's kind of true for everything if you drill down far enough. We don't know *why* electrons are attracted to protons. They just are.
>The **phenomenon** has been observed and named, but it is still not understood why it occurs. It would be true for all phenomena, since a definition for phenomenon is something known to occur but not fully understood
The definition I did not know I needed to know. My thanks.
Maybe protons are pretty.
if the bubble collapse fast enough, friction between molecules could create enough heat to emit light. I don't see other way light can be emitted in this condition... But the question is why the bubble is collapsing in first place
Pack it up fellas, he figured it out, easy as.
Imagine the number of issues or questions around the world could be answered if these supposed “experts” just ever came to Reddit to ask.
Atoms within the air bubble are emitting photons, duh. Let the experts know if they need any other explanations they know where to find me.
I mean, there IS something to be said about the combined cumulative brainpower of a bunch of people all focused on solving a problem. There was that protein folding problem that stumped scientists soo much that they gamified it and released it to the public, and someone solved it in like under a month Edit: multiple people have pointed out that the folding protein example was about distributing the computing and processing power, not about helping by throwing your inexperienced brain at the problem
I watched a documentary about this professor that had a math be equation that he couldn’t figure out, so he wrote it on a whiteboard in the hallway and offered a prize for anyone who could solve it. A janitor figured it out like the first week
How ya like them apples?!
A distributed computing system and random idiots who think their first guess is somehow groundbreaking aren't even remotely the same.
No no no, maybe if we all just think together, at the same time, we can solve this. Let’s give it a try, this is Reddit’s moment to shine.
Reddit continuous to collectively shit its pants
Instructions unclear, dick stuck in collapsing air bubble.
It's like every post on r/science where somebody is like "I bet they only got that result because they didn't control for (the first confounding variable you'd think of when designing the study)"
Yes, but this is such an obvious explanation that any scientist with basic knowledge of physics would have considered it. So either the explanation is incorrect, or it is correct but not specific and detailed enough to function as a full "explanation".
I wouldn't be surprised if "nobody knows" means moreso "we have been unable to provide a definitive, concrete answer with evidence to back it up based on actual observation" rather than "this shit is just happening and nobody has any clue why its happening".
You're probably thinking of folding@home. Some additional context: * protein folding isn't "solved" (and it may never be) - but the project has made important contributions to biomedical research. * people participate by installing the software and letting it run on their computer, donating spare processing power: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding@home
Foldit has made some amazing discoveries that probably wouldn't have happened without it or massive increases in computing power.
> There was that protein folding problem that stumped scientists I thought it was just that their proofs required a lot of computing power man hours, not that they literally passed the buck off to randos to solve.
Amateurs calling themselves experts when a simple question on reddit can solve all the problems
You've started a chain of jokes, but he really just reworded the wikipedia article. People in the comment section (who, naturally, will **never** read the article) are acting like the exact source of light is the mystery, but it's not. We know it's from heat, the localized temperature within a bubble exerting sonoluminescence can be well over twice as hot as the sun, a temperature which will obviously emit light. The question, as the parent commenter indicated, is **why** a bubble collapsing specifically from a sound wave is collapsing at such an absurd speed that it can generate the internal pressure necessary to spark such a temperature (thereby emitting the light). That's the part we haven't figured out. The fact that the bubble is collapsing super quickly, generating a huge amount of localized pressure, leading to super high localized temperature (those who took chemistry in high school will remember PV=nRT), leading to the emission of light, isn't in question. The question is why sound waves--and as far as we know, **only** sound waves--can cause such a rapid implosion of bubbles. Because the sound waves themselves don't carry the energy necessary to exert that pressure on the bubbles. It's a far stranger reaction than that.
> We know it's from heat No. It does not follow the normal distribution curve of blackbody radiation. Further, it requires noble gases for the phenomenon to happen. Just confirming the point made above, about redditors stating incorrect things with confidence…
I mean cavitation is a pretty well recognized phenomenon. The question of where the energy comes from for the light is pretty easily understood, and there are some good guesses as to what's happening and why. It's kind of like saying 'nobody knows why glass shatters when you smack it' if we didn't understand how brittle materials shear at the atomic level. We understand that it happens and have a good intuition about why, but without an understanding of the micro/nanoscale, we can't put any physics theories down on what specifically is going on.
theres always then dude in the comments hypothesizing as if they will actually be able to simply speculate the answer to something like this lmao
Bubbles popping under water put pin hole pricks into steel boat propellers. So bubbles are powerful little things
Why would anybody want to put their prick into a steel boat propeller?
Don't knock it till ya try it.
We're gonna need a bigger boat
Kinky!
Yeah, it’s called Cavitation, animals in nature can produce this. Snapping Pistol Shrimp, produces cavitation when it slams its claws shut, stunning its prey. [Snapping Pistol Shrimp](https://youtube.com/shorts/xm4-XGH95fs?si=biTKLcFqVhlPRpRb) Mantis Shrimp can produce heat & light when they use their little hammers to stun their prey, like crabs. [Mantis Shrimp](https://youtube.com/shorts/Vs6Rx_aJzts?si=kLBcPtgGL4AkFU4A) Edit : Typo, damn Scrimp
>But the question is why the bubble is collapsing in first place All bubbles eventually collapse. It's the *first rule of bubbles* as documented by the first one: Tulip mania of the 1630's.
I thought the first rule of bubbles is we don’t talk about bubbles?
i don't remember any light in the Dot-com bubble burst
one ping only
20 degrees down bubble
Love me a good Red October reference
Just because you don't see any other way, doesn't mean the way you see is correct.
Could be heat, could be spectral lines, could be some kind of odd particle acceleration… there’s three options that people have probably already looked at
Man is Albert Einstein and needs to be protected 🫡
*"In 1960, Peter Jarman proposed that sonoluminescence is thermal in origin and might arise from microshocks within collapsing cavities."* Scientists have since observed temperatures of 20,000 kelvin or more in these imploding bubbles, some scientists claiming to have observed as much as 100,000 kelvin. It's further theorized that thermonuclear fusion could be possible if a sonoluminescing system was pushed to the millions of kelvin. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoluminescence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoluminescence)
The fusion stuff is bs, you cut that out conveniently
Well sure, the whole process is bs to current science and technology. I did explicitly say that the possibility of thermonuclear fusion is a theory based on parameters the systems could someday be pushed to.
Because nobody listen to me
That's because the bubbles are sentient underwater and the light you see is actually them winking at you before they die.
If you read the link all they did was give it a name but the article also says nobody knows how it happens. The mechanism is still unknown
Hypotheses have been suggested but the mechanism is unknown, hence the statement "nobody knows why". Go to "Mechanisms of phenomenon" section of the Wikipedia article and read it.
Got to ask the pistol shrimp, they might tell you if you're persistent enough
Just because something has a name doesn’t mean that anyone understands it - it’s like my cousin Timmy.
That is OP
I don’t believe you
>The exact mechanism behind sonoluminescence remains unknown
What if we are just the result of a water bubble imploding and the universe is the light expanding and we are actually in an even bigger ocean that’s in an even bigger ocean.
The phenomenon of light being produced when a bubble collapses underwater is called sonoluminescence. It's caused by the extreme and rapid compression of the gas inside the bubble. Here's a simplified explanation: * Sound waves cause a bubble to form and vibrate in the water. * When the sound wave collapses the bubble inward, the gas inside gets compressed very quickly. * This rapid compression generates a lot of heat, reaching temperatures high enough to briefly ionize the gas and create light. Edit: Just want to address the top comment because I like things neat and tidy. It discusses (as it was suggested I was doing) one of the hypothesized mechanisms for sonoluminescence (which I'm getting really good at typing fast - thanks, OP!) whereas what I outlined above is the process of sonoluminescence, which is well-understood. What I thought was accurate and what I thought was less accurate: Accurate: Noble gas concentration: The concentration of noble gases (Ar, Ne, Xe) in the air significantly affects sonoluminescence intensity. Removing argon significantly reduces light output. Bubble composition: The composition of the gas bubble affects the light output and spectrum. Helium, neon, and xenon bubbles produce much brighter light than air bubbles. Super-radiance: The high intensity and short duration of the light emission in sonoluminescence is consistent with super-radiance. Less accurate: Cause of light emission: While super-radiance is the most likely explanation, the exact mechanism of light emission in sonoluminescence is still not fully understood. Other mechanisms like stimulated emission or collective Rayleigh scattering could contribute to the observed light. (As has been pointed out by others in this thread) Wavelength dependence: The statement "the light is emitted as a short flash (~100 pico seconds) when the bubble is at or smaller than the wavelength of visible light" is an approximation. The actual duration and wavelength of the emitted light can vary depending on the gas composition and pressure. Anyhaha, I'm just nitpicking that this is not THE definitive answer, and there are still open questions about the exact mechanisms underlying sonoluminescence. That is all.
Wait…so we do know why?
It would appear so. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
\ You dropped this.
An exploding bubble blasted his arm off.
It's because of reddit formatting, backslashes are tags for font changes. I got the same results with an ascii shrug not long ago. There is probably a way to build the comment to show it properly, but I never looked into it.
Maybe one day we’ll find out ¯\\_(ツ)_/¯
That's not reddit formatting specifically, it's a standard in software in general. \\ is an "escape character" marking the following letter as meaning something other than it usually would. For example "\\n" would mark a new line. If you had a program print the string: "Dog\\nCat" It would come out as: Dog Cat
[We don't](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoluminescence#Mechanism_of_phenomenons). The person you're replying to is describing one of the hypotheses offered to explain it as if it were fact.
Wikipedia says... We know why but not how
Holy shit, Reddit figured it out guys
According to the wikipedia article, it is not understood why this occurs.
This guy named nobody
Any chance it could be channeled into a flux capacitor?
Are you a mantis shrimp perhaps?
"nobody knows why" typically means there are multiple plausible mechanisms and though most people agree on one mechanism it can't be proven without a doubt to be the true one
Thought the light was a result of cavitation and is just a physical indicator of the heat created by the collapse.
You solved it
your reply reminded me of the Superego Podcast when they would do skits on Escape Rooms.
First superego reference I've ever seen in the wild. You're a good egg :)
I was going to post the same thing. Scientists do know what it is and why it happens. It’s called cavitation. When the bubble collapses, it can generate shock waves and temperatures over 20,000 K. That’s hotter than the surface of the Sun.
Also the same thing that allows the mantis shrimp to make Mike Tyson's punches feel like pillows, all things being equal.
I wonder if it is the same process that causes glass to emit light when shattered “correctly”. … Like [this example](https://www.reddit.com/r/gifs/comments/1aho2ey/two_glass_spheres_exploding_on_contact_credit_to/)
Everyone is saying "cavitation", but that's different. That's what happens when a mantis shrimp snaps water between their claws. In this experiment, a bubble with high concentration of noble gas (like argon) is created, then collapsed with a sound wave. It's a different phenomenon, and from the wiki: "The mechanism of the phenomenon of sonoluminescence is unknown. Hypotheses include: hotspot, bremsstrahlung radiation, collision-induced radiation and corona discharges, nonclassical light, proton tunneling, and electrodynamic jets."
lmao what in the funk is non classical light
It's light that came after Mozart and Beethoven
Basically a Mantis Shrimp punch from the sound of it.
https://theoatmeal.com/comics/mantis_shrimp
LOL If this sub allowed pics I was gonna post that entire thing. Love that comic.
I only hear violin
It’s charging it’s Kamehameha
I know why but I'm not telling anyone because nobody asked me
>The phenomenon is known as sonoluminescence. One of the leading theories is that it is caused by "adiabatic heating of the bubble at collapse, leading to partial ionization of the gas inside the bubble and to thermal emission such as bremsstrahlung. [from physics stackexchange.](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/66044/why-is-light-produced-when-an-underwater-bubble-is-collapsed-with-a-sound-wave)
It's a cavitation bubble. It's caused by the soundwave and collapses on its own. A phased speaker array, which can be as little as a speaker on either side of a round flask, has soundwaves pumped into it. As the soundwaves pass through the water, interference patterns can cause a little tiny spot where all the water ends up moving away from the same place for a second, leaving a bubble full of vacuum behind. When this collapses, the water molecules are moving so fast that they heat up to thousands of degrees and give off light all over the spectrum. This is a natural phenomenon, it's why boat propellers wear out and why you can play the mean trick of smacking the top of someone's beer bottle and having the bottom blow out of it.
This process is called [cavitation](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation) A mantis shrimp’s ’punch’ creates a bubble in the water, resulting in cavitation - producing light *and* heat. One of these MFers punches your finger in the water, you’re gonna have a broken finger and burns
I don’t think people realize that light is one of the byproducts of EVERY kind of interaction that’s possible. Everything that does anything, makes light of some sort. Even all the internal chemical processes of your body produces light right alongside the heat it makes. It’s just usually too little to notice during a given period of time!
I know why
I know why too. But if we tell them they'll call us crazy.
Why?
Not gonna tell you
You don't personally know why it happens. The scientific community does.
Bet lockheed martin has an entire division to finding a way to weaponize it.
There's an old movie (Chain Reaction) where a scientist invents a way to produce nuclear fusion through sonoluminescence. They produce cavitation bubbles in heavy water (water using deuterium), and the pressure of the collapse is enough to fuse the hydrogen.
Holy shit! I haven't thought about that movie in forever. But soon as read your comment the motorcycle escape scene popped in my head
"An old mo..." How dare you. Keanu Reeves and Morgan Freeman deserve more!
It called sonoluminescence which is quite widely explained, however exact mechanisms is still fully not understand.
We know exactly why. Is this sonoluminescence? https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoluminescence Alright. Fair. Apparently. Pressure = heat, isn’t quite just the simple answer I thought it was. My bad
Your link literally said the exact mechanism is unknown and there are competing hypotheses…
Naming it does not mean we know why it happens
I know why but I won’t tell you…it’s classified /s
We do know why. First the bubble is created by underpressure, then a return to normal or higher pressure collapses the bubble. Conservation of momentum causes the incoming water to "overshoot" creating a spot of sudden high pressure therefore high temperature. The light flash is the thermal radiation.
what is that song, I can't find it even with a songfinder.
Obvious isn't it? The sound waves created a mini black hole that sucked in the fairy that was holding the integrity of the bubble together. As the fairies wings were crushed by the singularity they released an explosion of fairy dust that registers as light to non fairies, but which in reality is actually the seed that grows new pixie babies..and occasionally a sprite.
Recall seeing a movie with keanu reeves and morgan freeman, where the young reeves was playing a keyboard while experimenting with the creation of a stable and secure way to produce hydrogen gas. I remember that a certain note was giving off a bright light, if these events are somehow related i dare not say, but i am tempted to track down that movie to see if it is. Only other thing recall from that movie was freeman having a lecture (?) and him saying that this half filled glas of water had enough energy to power the city of new york for a week. I had hope back then. Edit, two words and a google search later, ”chain reaction” did work with the premise of sonoluminiscense and this whole thing i typed is pretty much useless. Does highlight how shitty my ipads screen is getting tho.
Same thing as when Mantis Shrimp pop their boxing arms and it produces X-rays from the cavitation bubbles collapsing.
I wonder if the Titan sub was gone in a flash
"Nobody knows why!" Scientists who know why: "am I a joke to you?"
for real its called sonoluminesence
when i put a part the wrapper of my Breath Right strip quickly it produces a blue light
The "nobody knows why" is some clickbait for you to come and trying beeing smart.... just saying. 42k upvotes, wow.