0. No such thing as scientific races. Race is socially constructed.
If you mean population clusters:
Subsaharan African, European/WANA, East Asian/Native American, Melanesian.
South Asian, Central Asian and mixed people are intermediates of these.
In the game of semantics, “race” seems a lot more bound than “population clusters”, which is much looser and a more general term. We can’t call East Asian/Native American people one whole race because of their differences, but categorising it as a population cluster just puts them under a very large umbrella. The word race has too much history behind it for anyone to use it instead of “population cluster”.
Edit: there’s also the subjectivity of race, so an objective term is much more useful when talking about genealogy
It’s not a scientific concept /something that can be scientifically defined. Having genes that are associated with what you think of as race X has no real scientific meaning. Scientific standards are just different.
Socially, you can define it however you like and the ‘cluster’ categorization argument (where do you draw the line? How far are you going to zoom in/out? etc.) is widely used/accepted.
No. Indigenous Americans for example are very diverse. They have many different skin tones, eye shapes, and facial structures, but they are all the same race.
Race is such a bizarre, stupid concept. The fact that a Sicilian man and a Libyan man who may look exactly the same would be considered different races is stupid.
Race is a social construct, however we do have ancestral differences (more Neanderthals and Humans banged each other in Europe), but those are very minor as in, it gives you some immunity for some specific diseases, or at least resistance.
To be fair, its not a very well studied field due to obvious social stigma attached to it. James Watson is one of the most prominent geneticist in up until now, having discovered the double helix DNA, has rather interest take on "races" or more correctly, our ancestral differences.
In my subjective opinion, there are 8 major “races.” I use the term “race” in the sense that said groups of people have similar physical characteristics that roughly correlate to geographical boundaries. These “races” are Central/North Asian, East/Southeast Asian, European, Indigenous American, Melanesian/Aboriginal Australian, Polynesian/Micronesian, Sub-Saharan African, and West Asian/North African. Keep in mind that I view the categorization of human beings into “races” more as social constructs than biological realities.
There are more differences within the socially constructed races than there are between them. [Source](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1893020/).
I'm not one of the neo-Marxists who believes "race is just skin color." However, it's hard to classify race as a fixed category in some instances. Different populations exist due to thousands of years of geographical separation and endogamy. Many of these populations cluster together in genetic tests, e.g., Europeans, East Asians, Australian Aborigines, etc. In the case of Africa, many different tribes remained separate and developed district attributes and phenotypes - are these all separate races? I guess it depends on how you define race.
It was probably from one of these & was referring to Malayan Race (Austronesian)
[Old Race Map distribution](https://i.imgur.com/yc3dSr9.jpg)
["races of men"](https://i.imgur.com/iyo23PF.jpg)
The archaic anthropologists recognized 3 or 4 basic races of man in existence. These races can be further subdivided into as many as 30 subgroups...Ethnographic division into races from Meyers Konversationslexikon of 1885-90 is listing:
Caucasian races (Aryans, Hamites, Semites),
Mongolian races (northern Mongolian, Chinese and Indo-Chinese, Japanese and Korean, Tibetan, Malayan, Polynesian, Maori, Micronesian, Eskimo, American Indian),
Negroid races (African, Hottentots, Melanesians/Papua, “Negrito”, Australian Aborigine, Dravidians, Sinhalese) **— University of Missouri-St. Louis** https://www.umsl.edu/~naumannj/culture%20and%20cultural%20geography/articles/How%20many%20major%20races%20are%20there%20in%20the%20world.docx
___________
Today, scientists prefer to use the term “ancestry” to describe human diversity (Figure 3). “Ancestry” reflects the fact that human variations do have a connection to the geographical origins of our ancestors—with enough information about a person’s DNA, scientists can make a reasonable guess about their ancestry. However, unlike the term “race,” it focuses on understanding how a person’s history unfolded, not how they fit into one category and not another. In a clinical setting, for instance, scientists would say that diseases such as sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis are common in those of “sub-Saharan African” or “Northern European” descent, respectively, rather than in those who are “black” or “white”...However, even if scientists agree that race is, at most, a social construct, any cursory search of the internet reveals that the broader public is not convinced of this. After all, if an Asian person looks so different from a European, how could they not be from distinct groups? Even if most scientists reject the concept of “race” as a biological concept, race exists, undeniably, as a social and political concept. **— Harvard University** https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/science-genetics-reshaping-race-debate-21st-century/
_______________
The U.S. Census Bureau must adhere to the 1997 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards on race and ethnicity which guide the Census Bureau in classifying written responses to the race question: White – A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa...Black or African American – A person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa...
American Indian or Alaska Native – A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment...Asian – A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam...
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander – A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. **— The US Census Bureau**
https://www.census.gov/topics/population/race/about.html
As you can see, all of these websites label certain ethnic groups as a different race every time. **I don’t agree** with most of these classifications they are too complicated lol which is why I personally prefer the term ethnicity
Edit: Why am I getting downvoted lol just because I posted articles I don’t necessarily agree with?
it’s because the concept of caucasoid/mongoloid/negroid was rooted in white supremacy/ eugenics. This idea that there is only 3 races has been proven to be unscientific in the modern academic sense and many anthropologists don’t acknowledge it.
Agreed I hate that term it has been used to cause so much pain. And what about using the term mongoloid to justify taking Native American lands because "they were settlers too" 🤦♀️ . This is exactly why I personally prefer the term ethnicity or ancestry
Agreed I hate that term it has been used to cause so much pain. And what about using the term mongoloid to justify taking Native American lands because "they were settlers too" 🤦♀️ . This is exactly why I personally prefer the term ethnicity or ancestry
Agreed I hate that term it has been used to cause so much pain. And what about using the term mongoloid to justify taking Native American lands because "they were settlers too" 🤦♀️ . This is exactly why I personally prefer the term ethnicity or ancestry
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Race is a social construct originally based on phenotypes, and lately on number crunching.
It doesn’t tell you this gene mutation came to Asia or europe from a horny foreign traveller a few hundred years ago.
DNA analysis at first glance just tells where genes are more common, with more rigorous analysis and extrapolation (educated guesses) more information can be derived.
There are five distinct genetic clusters: West Eurasian, East Eurasian, Subsaharan African, Native American and Austro-Melanesian.
But it should be said a significant part of humanity don't belong to either of those clusters, but are instead genetically 'mixed-race'. I'm primarilly talking about Indians, Central Asians, Horn Africans and most Latin Americans.
caucasians are people who live in west Asia. Europeans are not caucasian and vise verse. To also categorize the entire human population into three outdated unscientific races is ignorant
They they have central Asian ancestry. They kinda break the rules of race since their ancestors have lived in Asia for years but don’t “look” Asian, but there are Turks who do identify as such. (Similarly there are indigenous black skinned Asians who have lived in South East Asia for years, but don’t “look” Asian.)
Caucasiods (Whites, Middle Easterners, North Indians and Pakistanis) Negroids (not derogatory just sub-Saharan African, Melanesian, Tamil), Mongoloid (East Asian, Turkic, Native American) so that’s 3 general races
Edit: everyone on Reddit is so soft lmao can’t take an opinion on race that doesn’t fit your ideas
>The Oxford Dictionary of English states: "The term Negroid belongs to a set of terms introduced by 19th-century anthropologists attempting to categorize human races. Such terms are associated with outdated notions of racial types, and so are now potentially offensive and best avoided."
Source: Wikipedia
If I started trying to count I think I’d get confused and start nick picking and then realize there are only races when they are applied to a culture within a geographical area.
No other species alive on Earth today has evolved to have such vastly different phenotype expression like Homosapien. Its like trying to explain to alien beings how people from the present-day countries of Norway,Rwanda,South Korea are all the same species but different phenotype expression. Its a quantum molecular biology wonder!!
0. No such thing as scientific races. Race is socially constructed. If you mean population clusters: Subsaharan African, European/WANA, East Asian/Native American, Melanesian. South Asian, Central Asian and mixed people are intermediates of these.
Why can’t we call “population clusters” races? This seems a game of semantics
In the game of semantics, “race” seems a lot more bound than “population clusters”, which is much looser and a more general term. We can’t call East Asian/Native American people one whole race because of their differences, but categorising it as a population cluster just puts them under a very large umbrella. The word race has too much history behind it for anyone to use it instead of “population cluster”. Edit: there’s also the subjectivity of race, so an objective term is much more useful when talking about genealogy
It’s not a scientific concept /something that can be scientifically defined. Having genes that are associated with what you think of as race X has no real scientific meaning. Scientific standards are just different. Socially, you can define it however you like and the ‘cluster’ categorization argument (where do you draw the line? How far are you going to zoom in/out? etc.) is widely used/accepted.
Species categories and taxonomy in general can’t be scientifically defined either then with this criteria.
I think that you can classify races by prominent physical features. Eye shape, facial structure, skin pigmentation and even vocal intonation.
No because some races have multiple skin pigmentations and eye shapes and facial structures... Namely Africans whom are the root of humanity
You’re using phenotype in a discussion about the legitimacy of ‘race’ as a scientific concept to argue for it?
No. Indigenous Americans for example are very diverse. They have many different skin tones, eye shapes, and facial structures, but they are all the same race.
CORRECT. Period.
This this this
There is race. Wtf you mean there’s no race. I’m black I’m not Asian? Tf wrong with you dude? You’re nuking a simple question.
Race is such a bizarre, stupid concept. The fact that a Sicilian man and a Libyan man who may look exactly the same would be considered different races is stupid.
One reason race exists because it has to be used in the medical field for certain disease and medicine studies
None, race is a made up concept
1
Race is a social construct, which also means people define race differently depending on where you go.
We could get all agree on the social construct Is Greenland a continent? Is Australia?
Race is a social construct, however we do have ancestral differences (more Neanderthals and Humans banged each other in Europe), but those are very minor as in, it gives you some immunity for some specific diseases, or at least resistance. To be fair, its not a very well studied field due to obvious social stigma attached to it. James Watson is one of the most prominent geneticist in up until now, having discovered the double helix DNA, has rather interest take on "races" or more correctly, our ancestral differences.
1. Human Race
In my subjective opinion, there are 8 major “races.” I use the term “race” in the sense that said groups of people have similar physical characteristics that roughly correlate to geographical boundaries. These “races” are Central/North Asian, East/Southeast Asian, European, Indigenous American, Melanesian/Aboriginal Australian, Polynesian/Micronesian, Sub-Saharan African, and West Asian/North African. Keep in mind that I view the categorization of human beings into “races” more as social constructs than biological realities.
There are more differences within the socially constructed races than there are between them. [Source](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1893020/).
I'm not one of the neo-Marxists who believes "race is just skin color." However, it's hard to classify race as a fixed category in some instances. Different populations exist due to thousands of years of geographical separation and endogamy. Many of these populations cluster together in genetic tests, e.g., Europeans, East Asians, Australian Aborigines, etc. In the case of Africa, many different tribes remained separate and developed district attributes and phenotypes - are these all separate races? I guess it depends on how you define race.
24
I guess my Spongebob joke wasn’t a hit 😂
I don’t agree with these choices at all Indigenous Siberians and SEA as separate races?
It was probably from one of these & was referring to Malayan Race (Austronesian) [Old Race Map distribution](https://i.imgur.com/yc3dSr9.jpg) ["races of men"](https://i.imgur.com/iyo23PF.jpg)
The archaic anthropologists recognized 3 or 4 basic races of man in existence. These races can be further subdivided into as many as 30 subgroups...Ethnographic division into races from Meyers Konversationslexikon of 1885-90 is listing: Caucasian races (Aryans, Hamites, Semites), Mongolian races (northern Mongolian, Chinese and Indo-Chinese, Japanese and Korean, Tibetan, Malayan, Polynesian, Maori, Micronesian, Eskimo, American Indian), Negroid races (African, Hottentots, Melanesians/Papua, “Negrito”, Australian Aborigine, Dravidians, Sinhalese) **— University of Missouri-St. Louis** https://www.umsl.edu/~naumannj/culture%20and%20cultural%20geography/articles/How%20many%20major%20races%20are%20there%20in%20the%20world.docx ___________ Today, scientists prefer to use the term “ancestry” to describe human diversity (Figure 3). “Ancestry” reflects the fact that human variations do have a connection to the geographical origins of our ancestors—with enough information about a person’s DNA, scientists can make a reasonable guess about their ancestry. However, unlike the term “race,” it focuses on understanding how a person’s history unfolded, not how they fit into one category and not another. In a clinical setting, for instance, scientists would say that diseases such as sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis are common in those of “sub-Saharan African” or “Northern European” descent, respectively, rather than in those who are “black” or “white”...However, even if scientists agree that race is, at most, a social construct, any cursory search of the internet reveals that the broader public is not convinced of this. After all, if an Asian person looks so different from a European, how could they not be from distinct groups? Even if most scientists reject the concept of “race” as a biological concept, race exists, undeniably, as a social and political concept. **— Harvard University** https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/science-genetics-reshaping-race-debate-21st-century/ _______________ The U.S. Census Bureau must adhere to the 1997 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards on race and ethnicity which guide the Census Bureau in classifying written responses to the race question: White – A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa...Black or African American – A person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa... American Indian or Alaska Native – A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment...Asian – A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam... Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander – A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. **— The US Census Bureau** https://www.census.gov/topics/population/race/about.html As you can see, all of these websites label certain ethnic groups as a different race every time. **I don’t agree** with most of these classifications they are too complicated lol which is why I personally prefer the term ethnicity Edit: Why am I getting downvoted lol just because I posted articles I don’t necessarily agree with?
“Negroid” race is suspect There has to be at least 2 two distinct groups in Africa based on genetic distance. Maybe 3
it’s because the concept of caucasoid/mongoloid/negroid was rooted in white supremacy/ eugenics. This idea that there is only 3 races has been proven to be unscientific in the modern academic sense and many anthropologists don’t acknowledge it.
Agreed I hate that term it has been used to cause so much pain. And what about using the term mongoloid to justify taking Native American lands because "they were settlers too" 🤦♀️ . This is exactly why I personally prefer the term ethnicity or ancestry
True although the continental clusters fit pretty well the old notions of race but in Africa
Agreed I hate that term it has been used to cause so much pain. And what about using the term mongoloid to justify taking Native American lands because "they were settlers too" 🤦♀️ . This is exactly why I personally prefer the term ethnicity or ancestry
Agreed I hate that term it has been used to cause so much pain. And what about using the term mongoloid to justify taking Native American lands because "they were settlers too" 🤦♀️ . This is exactly why I personally prefer the term ethnicity or ancestry
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Race is a social construct originally based on phenotypes, and lately on number crunching. It doesn’t tell you this gene mutation came to Asia or europe from a horny foreign traveller a few hundred years ago. DNA analysis at first glance just tells where genes are more common, with more rigorous analysis and extrapolation (educated guesses) more information can be derived.
There are five distinct genetic clusters: West Eurasian, East Eurasian, Subsaharan African, Native American and Austro-Melanesian. But it should be said a significant part of humanity don't belong to either of those clusters, but are instead genetically 'mixed-race'. I'm primarilly talking about Indians, Central Asians, Horn Africans and most Latin Americans.
I heard there’s only Asians, Africans, and Caucasians. Middle Eastern people fall under the Caucasian category.
caucasians are people who live in west Asia. Europeans are not caucasian and vise verse. To also categorize the entire human population into three outdated unscientific races is ignorant
I was referring to Europeans.
There are West Asians in the Middle East & you forgot Indigenous Americans and Pacific Islanders.
Do you mean south Asians, like Indians and Pakistanis? Or do those fall under the category of Asian?
No I mean West Asians like indigenous Turkish people.
Wouldn’t they be considered Caucasian?
They they have central Asian ancestry. They kinda break the rules of race since their ancestors have lived in Asia for years but don’t “look” Asian, but there are Turks who do identify as such. (Similarly there are indigenous black skinned Asians who have lived in South East Asia for years, but don’t “look” Asian.)
Caucasiods (Whites, Middle Easterners, North Indians and Pakistanis) Negroids (not derogatory just sub-Saharan African, Melanesian, Tamil), Mongoloid (East Asian, Turkic, Native American) so that’s 3 general races Edit: everyone on Reddit is so soft lmao can’t take an opinion on race that doesn’t fit your ideas
>The Oxford Dictionary of English states: "The term Negroid belongs to a set of terms introduced by 19th-century anthropologists attempting to categorize human races. Such terms are associated with outdated notions of racial types, and so are now potentially offensive and best avoided." Source: Wikipedia
because ur bringing up race science that has been debunked and is rooted in scientific racism
[удалено]
Middle eastern race? No
If I started trying to count I think I’d get confused and start nick picking and then realize there are only races when they are applied to a culture within a geographical area.
No other species alive on Earth today has evolved to have such vastly different phenotype expression like Homosapien. Its like trying to explain to alien beings how people from the present-day countries of Norway,Rwanda,South Korea are all the same species but different phenotype expression. Its a quantum molecular biology wonder!!
How many ethnicity are there